# embeddings_queue

created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "month with/without article 169(3)\nmonthly 207(6), 211 (4)\nmonths 296(3) Note\nmood: see subjunctive\nmore\n+ adjective 218, 221(1)\n+ adverb 219(3)\na lot more 180(2c), 212(8f)\nquantifier 220\nmore so 43 (5a)\nsome more 180(2)\nmoreover 244(2)\nmost\n+ adjective 218\n+ adverb 219(3)\nin phrase of frequency 211 (3)\nand mostly 207 (5)\nquantifier 178(2), 220\nmouse, mice 296(1)\nmouths 296(3)\nmove: with/without object 8(3)\nmovement: prepositions 225(2)\nMr, Mrs, Miss, Ms 170(1)\nmuch\n+ comparative 212(2), 221(8)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "much\n+ comparative 212(2), 221(8)\n+ gerund 133(1), 138(2c)\nmuch more 212(8f)\nnot so much ... as 218(2a) Note d\nquantifier 177(1), 178(7a), 212(8a)\nmuch too 212(1a) Note i, 212(8) Note\nvery much 212(7d), 212(8a)\nmumps 154(2)\nmurmur: verb of reporting 265(2)\nmust\ncertainty 95\nmust do and must be doing 95(4)\nindirect speech 268(3d), 270(1c)\nnecessity 92(1)\nweak form 55(1b) PAGE 427 INDEX\nmustn't 92(4)\nindirect speech 268 (3d)\nand needn't 92(4b)\nUS 303(10)\nmutter: verb of reporting 265(2)\nmy 174(3)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "mutter: verb of reporting 265(2)\nmy 174(3)\nmyself 186\nmysterious: the mysterious 204(2a)\nname: clause pattern 11(1)\nnames\nagreement 152(3), 156(5)\nsubject of gerund 130(2)\nmonths, days without article 169\nof people 56(6c), 170\nof places and the 171\nnarrow\ncomparison 218(4b)\nverb 287(4)\nnationality word 288\nwith a/an 161 (2)\nnatural + to-infinitive 123(1)\nnavy: group noun 156(4)\nnear 225(1), 226(6)\nnearly 212 (7a)\nnearly all/every 212 (8d)\nand near 207 (5)\nnearest and next 218(5d)\nnecessary"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "nearest and next 218(5d)\nnecessary\nas/than necessary 199(5b)\n+ subjunctive 242(1)\nwith to-infinitive 123(1), 126(2)\nnecessity 92\nin indirect speech 268(3d)\nneed 92(3b)\nneed for 237(2g)\n+ gerund 113(1)\npassive 104(6b)\n+ object + passive participle 140(5)\nstate verb 62(1)\n+ to-infinitive 121(3h), 124(1a)\nUS 303(9)\nverb and noun 287(1)\nneedn't 92 (3)\nin indirect speech 268(3d)\nand mustn't 92(4)\nneedn't have done 93(3c)\nnegative 17\nin passive 105(2)\nwith truth adverb 214(1)\nsee also not"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "with truth adverb 214(1)\nsee also not\nnegative gerund 129(4)\nnegative imperative 19(1)\nnegative infinitive 116(5)\nnegative participle 135(6)\nnegative prefix 284(2)\nand comparison 218(4b) Note\nafter not 17(3) Note b\nwith participle 137(2) Note\nnegative question 30\nas exclamation 20(3)\nnegative statement 17\nnegative word 17(4)\nadverbial in front position 17(6c)\n+ any 179(1c)\nneglect+ to-infinitive 121(1)\nneither\nin short addition 43(1c)\nagreement 153(5)\nnegative word 17(4)\nneither... nor 245(2)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "negative word 17(4)\nneither... nor 245(2)\nquantifier 178(4)\nnervous of 132(4), 236(2)\nnever 211(l,2)\nand ever 211(l) Note c\nnegative word 17(4)\nwith past 303 (6)\nnevertheless 246(2)\nnew: the new 204(2a)\nnews\n+ noun clause 262(7)\nwith singular verb 154(2)\nuncountable 144(4a)\nnewspaper headlines: see headlines\nnewspaper with the 160(5)\nnext\nindirect speech 267(2)\nand nearest 218(5d)\nwith past 65(3a)\nwith the 160(4)\nin phrase of time 169(2), 227(2)\nnext to 225(1), 226(6d)\n+ to-infinitive 277\nnice"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "next to 225(1), 226(6d)\n+ to-infinitive 277\nnice\nnice and + adjective 202(3a) Note\nwith to-infinitive 123(1), 126(2, 5)\nnight\nwith/without article 169(6)\nwith at/in 227(1c) Note\nno\nanswering negative question 30(3)\n+ comparative 212(2, 8f)\n+ gerund 133(1)\nnegative word 17(4), 179(2)\nand none 181(2)\nand not 17(2c)\nquantifier 179(2)\nas question tag 34(1) Note f\nrefusing permission 94(1b) Note, 133(1)\n+ singular noun 145(2c) Note\nno good + gerund 131 (2a)\nno longer 210(3a)\nno matter 245(2)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "no longer 210(3a)\nno matter 245(2)\nno one 189(1a)\nnegative word 17(4)\nno sooner... than 250(5)\nno way 17(6c)\nnobody: see no one\nnoise: countable/uncountable 144(5d)\nnominal: see noun\nnominalization 149\nnon-count noun: see uncountable noun\nnon-defining relative clause: see non-\nidentifying\nnon-finite clause 239(3b), 240(3), 249(4)\nnon-finite verb 59\nnon-gradable adjective\nwith quite 212(5c)\nnot with very 212(1a) Note a INDEX PAGE 428\nnon-identifying relative clause 272(4a, 5),\n274"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "non-identifying relative clause 272(4a, 5),\n274\nnon-restrictive relative clause: see non-\nidentifying\nnone 178(2b, 2d)\nagreement 153(5)\nnegative word 17(4)\nand neither 178(4b)\nand no 181(2)\nnoon without article 169(6) Note\nnoplace 305(3)\nnor\nin short addition 43(1c)\nnegative word 17(4)\nneither... nor 245(2)\nnormal\ncomparison 218(4b)\n+ to-infinitive 123(1)\nnormally 211(1, 2)\nnot 17\nnot only... but also 152(4), 244(4)\nshort form 55 (2b)\nnot unless 259(6a) Note\nnot very 212(1a) Note c"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 01040dff-34cf-4159-925a-aa8105b8c13d
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "not unless 259(6a) Note\nnot very 212(1a) Note c\nweak form 55(1b)\nsee also negative\nnote down 232(2)\nnothing 189(1b)\nnegative word 17(4)\nnotice\nnotice you do/doing 140(1)\n+ noun clause 262(1c)\nwith/without object 8(2)\npassive pattern 109(1)\nnotify: verb of reporting 265(2, 3)\nnought 191(5) Note\nnoun\nsummary 141\n+ adjective 201\nwithout article 162(1), 164, 165, 167\ncompound 283\n+ ed 137(4)\n+ indirect speech 265(5)\n+ ly 207(6)\n+ noun 147, 283(1)\nfrom other words 285(2,3)\nfrom phrasal verb 231 (7)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 7a7a7532-85d7-4372-be52-7ef320f4e7a0
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "from phrasal verb 231 (7)\n+ phrase 148, 149(3), 165\nwith plural form 154\n+ preposition 237\n+ preposition + gerund 132(7)\n+ relative clause 271\n+ that-clause 262(7)\n+ to-infinitive 124\nnoun clause 260\npunctuation 56(3b)\nnoun phrase 143\nas adverbial 206(1)\nequivalent to clause 149\nafter noun 148(2)\nnoun plural: see plural noun\nnow 44 (5)\nindirect speech 267(2)\nnow (that) 251(1)\nand this 175(4a)\nnowhere 189 (1c)\nnegative word 17(4)\nn't: see negative\nshort form 55(2)\nnuisance\n+ gerund 131 (2a)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "short form 55(2)\nnuisance\n+ gerund 131 (2a)\nwith to-infinitive 126(4), 131(2a) Note\nnumber (singular and plural)\nagreement 150\nplural of nouns 145\nnumber of 177(4a)\nagreement 153(2)\nnumber of times 194\nfrequency 211(3)\nwith present perfect 65(5b)\nnumbers 190\nin compound 283(5)\nafter some 179(5d)\nnumerous 177 (4a)\nobey + object 233(4)\nobject 5, 8\nand adverbial 208(5b)\ndirect and indirect 10\nin front position 49(2)\nof phrasal verb 231(3)\nwithout preposition 233(4)\nobject\n+ noun clause 262(1c)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 422bbfcb-09e4-4e86-a080-d1123fdbc2a1
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "object\n+ noun clause 262(1c)\npassive pattern 109(1)\nperformative 16(3)\nobject to 233(2)\nobject to + gerund 132(2, 6)\nverb of reporting 265(2), 270(2e, 2g)\nobject complement 11(1)\nobject pronoun 184(1)\nof phrasal/prepositionalverb 231(4)\nobject relative pronoun 273(3)\nobjection to 237(1) Note a\n+ gerund 132(7)\nobligation 93\noblige + object + to-infinitive 122(2b)\nobliged to 92(1a) Note c\nobserve\nobserve you do/doing 140(1)\n+ noun clause 262(lc, 1d)\npassive patterns 109\nverb of reporting 265(2)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 5b1fac2a-9dde-4eec-a4d2-cb0d8e5cd2f6
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "passive patterns 109\nverb of reporting 265(2)\nobvious\nobvious to 236(4)\nobvious what to do 125(2)\noccasionally 211(1, 2)\noccur\nthere occurred 50(4)\noccur to 233(4)\no'clock 195(1) Note a\nodd+ to-infinitive 123(1)\nodds 154(1a)\nof 228(3)\nof all 221(7)\nin compound preposition 225(1) Note a\nafter gerund 133(2)\nof my own 174(6b)\nnice of you 126(5)\nin nominalization 149 INDEX\nafter noun 160(3), 165(2), 170(1) Note b\nafter number 191(3) Note, 193(1b)\nin place name 171\nafter place/month 148(2) Note"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "in place name 171\nafter place/month 148(2) Note\nand possessive form 146(3,4), 149\n+ possessive pronoun 174(5)\nafter quantifier 178(1c, 1d), 181(3)\nof-pattern for quantity 144(3), 147(6)\nverb + about/of 233(3b), 234(5)\nweak form 55(1b)\nof whom/which 274(4), 275(2) Note\noff 225(1), 228(5b) Note\nin phrasal verb 232(2), 232(4)\noffer\npassive 108(3)\n+ to-infinitive 121(1), 124(1a)\nverb of reporting 265(2), 270(2b)\nwith to 10(5)\noffers\nanswering 29(3a)\ncan 97(2b)\nconditional 256(2)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "answering 29(3a)\ncan 97(2b)\nconditional 256(2)\nimperative 19(3), 19(4b)\nintonation 54 (2b)\nquestion 22(2)\nshall 71(7)\nwith some 179 (1d)\nwill 16(2), 71(6)\noften 211(1,2)\noil (verb) 287(3)\nold\nposition 202(1a) Note b\nthe old 204(lb, 2a)\nomission: see leaving out words\nomit + to-infinitive 121(1)\non\n= about 228(1), 237(2i)\nand at, in 226(1), 227(1)\n+ gerund 132(8a) Note b\nhave... on 85(1) Note c\nand onto 225(2c)\nin phrasal verb 232(2), 232(4)\nplace 225(1), 228(5b) Note\ntime 227 (1b, 1c)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "place 225(1), 228(5b) Note\ntime 227 (1b, 1c)\nwith transport 228(5b)\non account of 132(8a), 251(3)\non behalf of 228(1)\non board 228 (5b) Note\non condition that 259(4) Note a\non the contrary 246(5) Note\non the other hand 246(2)\non the phone 228 (5c) Note\non the point of 78(1b), 80(3)\non/in the way 229 (2c)\non top of 225(1), 226(3)\nonce 194(1)\nconjunction 139(3), 250(1), 250(3)\nfrequency 211(3)\nwith present perfect 65(5b)\none\nand a/an 163\nand body in compounds 189(1a)\none day 163(3)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "and body in compounds 189(1a)\none day 163(3)\none/a hundred 191(1) Note b\nafter (an)other 181(1) Note c\none ...the other 186(4c) Note\npronoun 178(1e), 185(2), 188\nand someone 189(1a) Note c\nUS 304(6)\none another 186(4)\none of 153(1), 163(2), 178(1c, 1e)\nwith superlative 221(7) Note b\none of whom/which 274(4)\nowes 188\none's 185(2b)\noneself 185(2b)\nonly 213(2)\nonly a few 177(2a) Note b\nwith an/the 160(4)\nand inversion 17 (6c)\nwith a number 191(4)\nif only 241 (2d)\nposition of adjective 200(1)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: adf880b2-0e17-48df-96d9-0efc6a8c93ec
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "if only 241 (2d)\nposition of adjective 200(1)\nwith to-infinitive 277\nonto 225(1, 2c)\nopen with/without object 8(3)\nopen condition 256(1), 257(2,3)\npast 257(5)\nopinion\nasking for 34(1) Note e\npresent simple 64 (2b)\nopinion of 237(2h)\nopportunity\nopportunity of 237 (2b)\n+ to-infinitive 124(1b)\nopposed to 236(4)\n+ gerund 132(6)\nopposite 225(1)\nand in front of 226(7c)\nopposition: group noun 156(4)\nor\nin conditional 259 (6c)\nlinking word 13, 152(2), 245\nwith pronoun 184(1c)\nin question 31"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "with pronoun 184(1c)\nin question 31\nor rather 216(2)\norchestra: group noun 156(4)\norder\nwith for 10 (5)\n+ noun clause 262(1c)\nperformative 16(3)\nverb of reporting 265(2), 270(1a)\n+ object + to-infinitive 122(2a)\norder of words: see word order\norders\nbe to 76(2)\nimperative 19(2)\nmust 95(4)\nreported 270(1)\nordinal number 192\nafter cardinal number 143(3h)\nin date 195(2a)\nin fraction 193(1a)\n+ to-infinitive 277\nordinary: the ordinary 204(2a)\nordinary verb 60(2)\nbe, have, do 83"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 9789ba84-ba64-40b8-859f-d4292aca7574
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "ordinary verb 60(2)\nbe, have, do 83\nother 180(3), 181(1) Note c\nother than 189(4) Note b\nthe other day 65 (3a)\nPAGE 429 INDEX PAGE 430\notherwise 216(1), 259(6b) Note\nought to\nindirect speech 268(3c)\nobligation 93(1)\nprobability 96\nour, ours 174(3)\nourselves 186\nout\nin phrasal verb 232(2), 232(4)\nprefix 284(1)\nout of 225(1), 228(5b) Note\nmotive 251(3) Note b\nUS 306(1)\noutdoor: position 200(1)\nouter: position 200(1)\noutside 225(1)\noutskirts 154(1a)\nover\nand above 226(2)\n= more than 191(4)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "over\nand above 226(2)\n= more than 191(4)\nin phrasal verb 232(2), 232(4)\nplace 225(1)\nprefix 284(1)\ntime 227(4d)\noverviews\na/an, some and the 166\nactive and passive verb forms 114\nbasic uses of articles 160(7)\ncomparison of adjectives 218(4d)\nemphasis 51(5)\nfuture 81\nimperative forms 19(7)\ninversion 49(4)\nuses of it 184(4)\nmodal verbs 102\nnationality words 288(3)\nstructure of noun phrase 143(2d)\none and ones 188(5)\npronouns and Possessives 187\nuses of so 43 (6)\nverb tenses and aspects 69"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 30ae860e-fbbc-4a94-8641-5c92ebf90eac
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "uses of so 43 (6)\nverb tenses and aspects 69\nwho, whom, which and that 273(6)\nowe\npassive 108(3)\nstate verb 62(1)\nwith to 10(5)\nown\nmy own 174(6)\npassive 104 (6b)\nstate verb 62(1, 5)\nown up to 235 (2)\nox, oxen 298(1)\npack up 232 (2)\npains 154(1b)\npaint: clause patterns 8(2), 11(1)\npainting: countable/uncountable 144(5d)\npair noun 155\npants: pair noun 155(4)\npaper\ncountable/uncountable 144(5c)\nthe paper 160(5)\nparcel (verb) 287(3)\npart 178(6)\npart with 233 (2)\nparticipate in 233(2)\nparticiple"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "927", "lesson_id": "1207", "content_id": "1765", "file_name": "oxford guide to english grammar_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "perfect gerund 129\npassive 112\nperfect infinitive 116(1)\npassive 112\nperfect participle 135(1, 5)\nin clause of time 139(1d)\nperformative verb 16(3)\nperiod (full stop) 56(1)\npermission 22(2), 94\npermission: uncountable 144(4b)\npermit\n+ gerund 121(1) Note f\nstress 287(2)\n+ object + to-infinitive 122(2b)\nperson: suffix 285(3e) Note b\npersonal pronoun 184\nbefore gerund 130(2)\n+ relative clause 272(2) Note\nand relative pronoun 272(7)\npersons 296(1) Note b\npersuade\nverb of reporting 265(3)"}


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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:29:35
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Maisammaguda,Dhulapally(PostVia.Kompally),Secunderabad\u2013500100,TelanganaState,India \n  MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY \nDEPARTMENT OF ECE \n \n \n \nObjectives: \nINTRODUCTION TO JAVA PROGRAMMING \nThis subject aims to introduce students to the Java programming language. Upon \nsuccessful completion of this subject, students should  be able  to create Java programs  that \nleverage the object-oriented features of the Java language, such as encapsulation, inheritance and"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "string class. \n \nUNIT \u2013 II \nInheritance \u2013 Inheritance hierarchies super and sub classes, Member access rules, super \nkeyword, preventing inheritance: final classes and methods, the Object class and itsmethods. \nPolymorphism \u2013 dynamic binding, method overriding, abstract classes and methods. \nInterfaces- Interfaces Vs Abstract classes, defining an interface, implement interfaces, accessing \nimplementations through interface references, extending interface."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "catch, throw, throws and finally, rethrowing exceptions, exception specification, built in \nexceptions, creating own exception sub classes. \nMultithreading \u2013 Differences between multiple processes and multiple threads, thread states,  \ncreating threads, interrupting threads, thread priorities, synchronizing threads, inter-thread \ncommunication, producer consumer pattern,Exploring java.net and java.text. \n \nUNIT-IV"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "UNIT-IV \nApplets \u2013 Concepts of Applets, differences between applets and applications, life cycle of an applet, \ntypes of applets, creating applets, passing parameters to applets. \nEvent Handling: Events, Handling mouse and keyboard events, Adapter classes. \nFiles- Streams- Byte streams, Character streams, Text input/output.  Files- Streams- Byte streams, Character streams, Text input/output, Binary input/output, random \naccess file operations, File management using File class.. \n \nUNIT-V"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "UNIT-V \nGUI Programming with Java \u2013 AWT class hierarchy, component, container, panel, window, frame, \ngraphics. \nAWT controls: Labels, button, text field, check box, and graphics. \nLayout Manager \u2013 Layout manager types: border, grid and flow. \nSwing \u2013 Introduction, limitations of AWT, Swing vs AWT. \n \nTEXT BOOK: \n1. Java Fundamentals \u2013 A Comprehensive Introduction, Herbert Schildt and Dale Skrien, \nTMH. \nREFERENCE BOOKS:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "TMH. \nREFERENCE BOOKS: \n1. Java for Programmers, P.J.Deitel and H.M.Deitel, PEA (or) Java: How to Program , \nP.J.Deitel and H.M.Deitel,PHI \n2. Object Oriented Programming through Java, P. Radha Krishna, UniversitiesPress. \n3. Thinking in Java, Bruce Eckel,PE \n4. Programming in Java, S. Malhotra and S. Choudhary, Oxford UniversitiesPress. \n \nCourse Outcomes: \n \n\uf0b7 An understanding of the principles and practice of object oriented analysis and design in"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "OOPs (Object Oriented Programming System) \n \nObject means a real word entity such as pen, chair, table etc.  Object-Oriented Programming is \na methodology or paradigm to  design a program using classes and objects. It simplifies the  \nsoftware development and maintenance by providing someconcepts: \n \no Object \no Class \no Inheritance \no Polymorphism \no Abstraction \no Encapsulation \n \nObject \n \nAny entity that has state and behavior is known as an object. For example: chair, pen, table,"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 75bd808f-123b-4629-9b3a-90151fcb47ad
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "keyboard, bike etc. It can be physical and logical. \n \nClass \n \nCollection of objects is called class. It is a logical entity. \n \nInheritance \n \nWhen one object acquires all the properties and behaviours of parent object i.e. known as \ninheritance. It provides code reusability. It is used to achieve runtime polymorphism.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 2  \nPolymorphism \n \nWhen one task is performed by different ways i.e. known as polymorphism. For example: to"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 185f12db-aab6-4c9d-9451-b3495d10b236
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "convince the customer differently, to draw something e.g. shape or rectangle etc. \n \nIn java, we use method overloading and method overriding to achieve polymorphism. \nAnother example can be to speak something e.g. cat speaks meaw, dog barks woof \netc.Abstraction \nHiding internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction. For example: phone \ncall, we don't know the internal processing. \n \nIn java, we use abstract class and interface to achieve abstraction. \n \nEncapsulation"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b56a0933-2d46-49c7-a466-e0985621bcb8
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Encapsulation \n \nBinding (or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit is known as encapsulation. \nFor example: capsule, it is wrapped with different medicines. \n \nA java class is the example of encapsulation. Java bean is the fully encapsulated class because all \nthe data members are private here. \n \nBenefits of Inheritance \n \n\uf0b7 One of the key benefits of inheritance is to minimize the amount of duplicate code in an"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 377bda0e-c047-47c8-a4b1-fb1850ad375e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "application by sharing common code amongst several subclasses. Where equivalent code \nexists in two related classes, the hierarchy can usually be refactored to move the common \ncode up to a mutual superclass. This also tends to result in a better organization of code and \nsmaller, simpler compilationunits. \n\uf0b7 Inheritance can also make application code more flexible to change because classesthat \ninherit from a common superclass can be used interchangeably. If the return type of a"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 94e7ab5f-3a78-481c-81b5-5052b10a9132
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "method issuperclass \n\uf0b7 Reusability - facility to use public methods of base class without rewriting thesame. \n\uf0b7 Extensibility - extending the base class logic as per business logic of the derivedclass.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 3  \n\uf0b7 Data hiding - base class can decide to keep some data private so that it cannotbe \naltered by the derived class \nProcedural and object oriented programming paradigms  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 4  \nJava Programming- History of Java"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 04f24a03-357b-4db9-84b2-00bcdf22ed26
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Java Programming- History of Java \n \nThe history of   java   starts from Green Team. Java team members (also known \nas Green Team ), initiated a revolutionary task to develop a language for digital  \ndevices such as set-top boxes, televisionsetc. \n \nFor the green team members, it was an advance concept at that time. But, it was  \nsuited for internet programming. Later, Java technology as incorporated by \nNetscape."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 821a16bf-cb0f-4692-8132-341031a2c8f5
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Netscape. \n \nCurrently, Java is used in internet programming, mobile devices, games, e -business \nsolutions etc. There are given the major points that describes the history of java. \n \n1) James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java  \nlanguage project in June 1991. The small team of sun engineers called  Green \nTeam. \n \n2) Originally designed for small, embedded systems in electronic appliances like set - \ntopboxes."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 474f750d-b53e-444e-a3b8-832c4ebc527d
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "topboxes. \n \n3) Firstly, it was called \"Greentalk\" by James Gosling and file extension was.gt. \n \n4) After that, it was called Oak and was developed as a part of the Green  \nproject. \nJava Version History \n \nThere are many java versions that has been released. Current stable release of Java \nis Java SE 8. \n1. JDK Alpha and Beta (1995) \n2. JDK 1.0 (23rd Jan, 1996) \n3. JDK 1.1 (19th Feb, 1997) \n4. J2SE 1.2 (8th Dec, 1998) \n5. J2SE 1.3 (8th May, 2000) \n6. J2SE 1.4 (6th Feb, 2002)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 3db7725a-241d-4c5c-af11-eb67037becb6
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "6. J2SE 1.4 (6th Feb, 2002) \n7. J2SE 5.0 (30th Sep,2004) \n8. Java SE 6 (11th Dec,2006) \n9. Java SE 7 (28th July, 2011) \n10.Java SE 8 (18th March,2014)  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 5  \nFeatures of Java \nThere is given many features of java. They are also known as java buzzwords. The Java Features \ngiven below are simple and easy to understand. \n1. Simple \n2. Object-Oriented \n3. Portable \n4. Platformindependent \n5. Secured \n6. Robust \n7. Architectureneutral \n8. Dynamic \n9. Interpreted"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 592047c7-2f86-47c9-a0ed-4e899bc43bea
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "8. Dynamic \n9. Interpreted \n10. HighPerformance \n11. Multithreaded \n12. Distributed \n \n \n \nJava Comments \nThe java comments are statements that are not executed by the compiler and interpreter. The  \ncomments can be used to provide information or explanation about the variable, method, class or \nany statement. It can also be used to hide program code for specific time. \n \nTypes of Java Comments \n \nThere are 3 types of comments in java. \n \n1. Single LineComment \n2. Multi LineComment"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4c419d9c-267f-42da-a148-00f2482fc6cb
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "1. Single LineComment \n2. Multi LineComment \n3. DocumentationComment \n \nJava Single Line Comment \n \nThe single line comment is used to comment only one line. \n \nSyntax: \n \n1. //This is single line comment  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 6  \nExample: \n \npublic class CommentExample1 { \npublic static void main(String[] args) { \nint i=10;//Here, i is a variable \nSystem.out.println(i); \n} \n} \n \nOutput: \n \n \n \nJava Multi Line Comment \n \nThe multi line comment is used to comment multiple lines of code."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 9e601315-b9a1-4016-a6ce-ca86c6bb8b77
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Syntax: \n \n/* \nThis \nis \nmulti line \ncomment \n*/ \n \nExample: \n \npublic class CommentExample2 { \npublic static void main(String[] args) { \n/* Let's declare and \nprint variable in java.*/ \ninti=10; \nSystem.out.println(i); \n} } \n \nOutput: \n \n \n10 \n10  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 7  \nJava Documentation Comment \n \nThe documentation comment is used to create documentation API. To create documentation API, you need \nto use javadoc tool. \n \nSyntax: \n \n/** \nThis \nis \ndocumentation \ncomment \n*/ \n \nExample:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 8b62f20e-faf3-4484-98e9-c60391cc8126
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "This \nis \ndocumentation \ncomment \n*/ \n \nExample: \n \n/** The Calculator class provides methods to get addition and subtraction of given 2 numbers.*/ \npublic class Calculator { \n/** The add() method returns addition of given numbers.*/ \npublic static int add(int a, int b){return a+b;} \n/** The sub() method returns subtraction of given numbers.*/ \npublic static int sub(int a, int b){return a-b;} \n} \n \nCompile it by javac tool: \n \n \nCreate Documentation API by javadoc tool:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 270d2a0c-6e8c-4b51-8f49-194581782cd8
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Create Documentation API by javadoc tool: \n \n \nNow, there will be HTML files created for your Calculator class in the current directory. Open the HTML \nfiles and see the explanation of Calculator class provided through documentation comment. \njavac Calculator.java \njavadoc Calculator.java  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 8  \nData Types \n \nData types represent the different values to be stored in the variable. In java, there are two types of data types: \n \no Primitive datatypes"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c70e2cba-d4be-430f-a7d4-95db59ff0e25
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "o Primitive datatypes \no Non-primitive datatypes \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nDataType DefaultValue Default size \n \nboolean \n \nFalse \n \n1 bit \n \nchar \n \n'\\u0000' \n \n2 byte \n \nbyte \n \n0 \n \n1 byte \n \nshort \n \n0 \n \n2 byte \n \nint \n \n0 \n \n4 byte \n \nlong \n \n0L \n \n8 byte \n \nfloat \n \n0.0f \n \n4 byte \n \ndouble \n \n0.0d \n \n8 byte \n \nJava Variable Example: Add Two Numbers \nclass Simple{ \npublic static void main(String[] args){ \nint a=10; \nint b=10; \nint c=a+b; \nSystem.out.println(c); \n}}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 70e8e95f-b1b1-44ea-b801-2d017665d03a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "int c=a+b; \nSystem.out.println(c); \n}} \n \nOutput:20  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 9  \nVariables and Data Types in Java \nVariable is a name of memory location. There are three types of variables in java: local, instance \nand static. \n \nThere are two types of data types in java: primitive and non-primitive. \n \nTypes of Variable \nThere are three types of variables in java: \n \no localvariable \no instancevariable \no staticvariable \n \n1) LocalVariable"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b6175824-5d2d-49cc-ab52-b985e3e6ee5c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "o staticvariable \n \n1) LocalVariable \n \nA variable which is declared inside the method is called local variable. \n \n2) Instance Variable \n \nA variable which is declared inside the class but outside the method, is called instance variable . It \nis not declared as static. \n \n3) Staticvariable \n \nA variable that is declared as static is called static variable. It cannot be local. \nWe will have detailed learning of these variables in next chapters."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 0aa54e29-e84e-42fb-b13e-71a21f02c743
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Example to understand the types of variables in java \nclass A{ \nint data=50;//instance variable \nstatic int m=100;//static variable \nvoid method(){ \nint n=90;//local variable \n} \n}//end of class \n \nConstants in Java \n \nA constant is a variable which cannot have its value changed after declaration. It uses the 'final' \nkeyword. \nSyntax \nmodifierfinal dataType variableName = value; //global constant"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 6d65a806-9e85-495d-b618-eebc252a21d8
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "modifierstatic final dataType variableName = value; //constant within a c  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 10  \nScope and Life Time of Variables \nThe scope of a variable defines the section of the code in which the variable is visible. As a  \ngeneral rule, variables that are defined within a block are not accessible outside that block. \nThe lifetime of a variable refers to how long the variable exists before it isdestroyed."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: bddcccde-f034-4003-a6f3-70c44613c18d
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Destroying variables refers to deallocating the memory that was allotted to the variables when  \ndeclaring it. We have written a few classes till now. You might have observed that not all  \nvariables are the same. The ones declared in the body of a method were different from those  \nthat were declared in the class itself. There are three types of variables: instance variables,  \nformal parameters or local variables and localvariables. \nInstance variables"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 8c321548-0c1b-43c1-b68a-e0faad496267
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Instance variables \n \nInstance variables are those that are defined within a class itself and not in any method or  \nconstructor of the class. They are known as instance variables because every instance of the  \nclass (object) contains a copy of these variables. The scope of instance variables is determined  \nby the access specifier that is applied to these variables. We have already seen about it earlier."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 10db82e6-e5c8-4655-be84-1bab927d42ce
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "The lifetime of these variables is the same as the lifetime of the object to which it be longs. \nObject once created do not exist for ever. They are destroyed by the garbage collector of Java  \nwhen there are no more reference to that object. We shall see about Java's automatic garbage  \ncollector later on. \nArgument variables \n \nThese are the variables that are defined in the header oaf constructor or a method. The scope"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 0e5c06b0-05fe-4c36-8682-66d9c2d92e4b
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "of these variables is the method or constructor in which they are defined. The lifetime is  \nlimited to the time for which the method keeps executing. Once the method finishes \nexecution, these variables aredestroyed. \nLocal variables \n \nA local variable  is the one that is declared within  a method or a constructor (not in  the \nheader). The scope and lifetime are limited to the methoditself. \n \nOne important distinction between these three types of variables is that access specifiers can"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 84d0aaf4-5e9d-4a7b-8fdd-628d15647d43
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "be applied to instance variables only and not to argument or local variables. \nIn addition to the local variables defined in a method, we also have variables that are defined  \nin bocks life an if block and an else block.  The scope and is the  same as that of  the block  \nitself.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 11  \nOperators in java \n \nOperator in java is a symbol that is used to perform operations. For example: +, -, *, / etc. \nThere are many types of operators in java which are given below:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 71327182-71b1-4815-8b97-b028ee741f52
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "o UnaryOperator, \no ArithmeticOperator, \no shiftOperator, \no RelationalOperator, \no BitwiseOperator, \no LogicalOperator, \no Ternary Operatorand \no AssignmentOperator. \n \nOperators Hierarchy  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 12  \nExpressions \nExpressions are essential building blocks of any Java program, usually created to produce a new \nvalue, although sometimes an expression simply assigns a value to a variable. Expressions are \nbuilt using values, variables, operators and method calls."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 44dacdbf-534e-4991-8d24-fd55d5be5531
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Types of Expressions \n \nWhile an expression frequently produces a result, it doesn't always. There are three types of \nexpressions in Java: \n \n\uf0b7 Those that produce a value, i.e. the result of (1 + 1) \n\uf0b7 Those that assign a variable, for example (v =10) \n\uf0b7 Those that have no result but might have a \"side effect\" because an expression can include \na wide range of elements such as method invocations or increment operators that modify \nthe state (i.e. memory) of aprogram."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 5fb1e3a6-7455-4872-a35e-c04cda521508
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "the state (i.e. memory) of aprogram. \nJava Type casting and Type conversion \n \nWidening or Automatic Type Conversion \nWidening conversion takes place when two data types are automatically converted. This happens \nwhen: \n\uf0a7 The two data types arecompatible. \n\uf0a7 When we assign value of a smaller data type to a bigger datatype. \n \nFor Example, in java the numeric data types are compatible with each other but no automatic"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: dc0989f7-1359-485a-b3a3-5332a1fa65d1
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "conversion is supported from numeric type to char or boolean. Also, char and boolean are not  \ncompatible with each other. \n \n \n \n \n \n \nNarrowing or Explicit Conversion \nIf we want to assign a value of larger data type to a smaller data type we perform explicit type \ncasting or narrowing. \n\uf0a7 This is useful for incompatible data types where automatic conversion cannot bedone. \n\uf0a7 Here, target-type specifies the desired type to convert the specified valueto. \n \n \n \n \n\uf0a7\uf020 JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 13"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 2b40cec8-cae3-4faf-8ffd-add806bf79b5
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "\uf0a7\uf020 JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 13  \nJava Enum \n \nEnum in java is a data type that contains fixed set of constants. \n \nIt can be used for days of the week (SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, \nTHURSDAY, FRIDAY and SATURDAY) , directions (NORTH, SOUTH, EAST and WEST) \netc. The java enum constants are static and final implicitly. It is available from JDK 1.5. \nJava Enums can be thought of as classes that have fixed set of constants. \nSimple example of java enum \nclassEnumExample1{"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 893a9429-f78b-43e7-8000-36e4f4bbaefa
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Simple example of java enum \nclassEnumExample1{ \npublic enum Season { WINTER, SPRING, SUMMER, FALL } \n \n \npublic static void main(String[] args) { \nfor (Season s : Season.values()) \nSystem.out.println(s); \n}} \n \nControl Flow Statements \n \nThe control flow statements in Java allow you to run or skip blocks of code when special \nconditions are met. \nThe \u201cif\u201d Statement \nThe \u201cif\u201d statement in Java works exactly like in most programming languages. With the help of"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 835d558c-032b-4bed-b755-fdbe699ef4c6
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "\u201cif\u201d you can choose to execute a specific block of code when a predefined condition is met. The \nstructure of the \u201cif\u201d statement in Java looks like this: \n \nif(condition) { \n// execute this code \n} \nOutput: \nWINTER \nSPRING \nSUMMER \nFALL  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 14  \nThe condition is Boolean. Boolean means it may be true or false. For example you may put a \nmathematical equation as condition. Look at this full example: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nCreating a Stand-Alone Java Application"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 70156492-142d-4e15-9994-875845bf6e87
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Creating a Stand-Alone Java Application \n1. Write a main method that runs your program. You can write this method anywhere. In this \nexample, I'll write my main method in a class called Main that has no other methods. For \nexample: \n2. public class Main \n3. { \n4. public static void main(String[] args) \n5. { \n6. Game.play(); \n7. } } \n8. Make sure your code is compiled, and that you have tested it thoroughly."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 6df6ce7d-0366-4f0b-8a29-0b0137e43da8
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "9. If you're using Windows, you will need to set your path to include Java, if you haven't \ndone so already. This is a delicate operation. Open Explorer, and look inside \nC:\\ProgramFiles\\Java, and you should see some version of the JDK. Open this folder, and \nthen open the bin folder. Select the complete path from the top of the Explorer window, and \npress Ctrl-C to copyit. \n \nNext, find the \"My Computer\" icon (on your Start menu or desktop), right-click it, and select"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: ac989d2f-e493-4490-9c14-4254a7d57f11
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "properties. Click on the Advanced tab, and then click on the Environment variables button. \nLook at the variables listed for all users, and click on the Path variable. Do not delete the \ncontents of this variable! Instead, edit the contents by moving the cursor to the right end, \nentering a semicolon (;), and pressing Ctrl-V to paste the path you copied earlier. Then go \nahead and save your changes. (If you have any Cmd windows open, you will need to close \nthem.)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: e673b70c-b7e8-4d37-be46-67ad110d6d47
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "them.) \n \n10. If you're using Windows, go to the Start menu and type \"cmd\" to run a program that \nbrings up a command prompt window. If you're using a Mac or Linux machine, run the  \nTerminal program to bring up a commandprompt. \n11. In Windows, type dir at the command prompt to list the contents of the current directory. \nOn a Mac or Linux machine, type ls to dothis.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 15  \n12. Now we want to change to the directory/folder that contains your compiled code. Look at"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: fc85a62e-f8c4-484a-8846-e56eb8638df8
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "the listing of sub-directories within this directory, and identify which one contains your code. \nType cd followed by the name of that directory, to change to that directory. For example, to \nchange to a directory called Desktop, you would type: \n \ncd Desktop \n \nTo change to the parent directory, type: \n \ncd .. \n \nEvery time you change to a new directory, list the contents of that directory to see where to go"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1d9fa433-0224-4d6c-bfe3-680ff9f206d2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "next. Continue listing and changing directories until you reach the directory that contains \nyour .class files. \n \n13. If you compiled your program using Java 1.6, but plan to run it on a Mac, you'll needto \nrecompile your code from the command line, bytyping: \n \njavac -target 1.5 *.java \n \n14. Now we'll create a single JAR file containing all of the files needed to run yourprogram. \n \nArrays \nJava provides a data structure, the  array, which stores a fixed -size sequential collection of"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 2b250091-8ea8-4623-818b-7d777168ff7e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more  \nuseful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type. \n \nInstead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, ..., and number99, you  \ndeclare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and ..., \nnumbers[99] to represent individual variables."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: bc1c4bc2-debb-480e-8edd-50f1c90cbd83
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "numbers[99] to represent individual variables. \n \nThis tutorial introduces how to declare array variables, create arrays, and process arrays using  \nindexed variables. \n \n \nDeclaring Array Variables: \nTo use an array in a program, you must declare a variable to reference the array, and you must  \nspecify the type of array the variable can reference. Here is the syntax for declaring an array  \nvariable: \n \nNote: The styledataType[] arrayRefVar is preferred. The style dataType arrayRefVar[]"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 41eae963-2acc-4e71-8dc6-deaa61192fa2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "comes from the C/C++ language and was adopted in Java to accommodate C/C++programmers. \n \nExample: \ndataType[] arrayRefVar; // preferred way. \nor \ndataType arrayRefVar[]; // works but not preferred way.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 16  \nThe following code snippets are examples of this syntax: \n \ndouble[] myList; \nor \ndoublemyList[]; \nCreating Arrays: \n// preferred way. \n \n// works but not preferred way. \nYou can create an array by using the new operator with the following syntax:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 34af1963-04de-4279-9dd0-b8aca36655fb
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "The above statement does two things: \n \n\uf0b7 It creates an array using newdataType[arraySize]; \n \n\uf0b7 It assigns the reference of the newly created array to the variablearrayRefVar. \n \nDeclaring an array variable, creating an array, and assigning the reference of the array to the \nvariable can be combined in one statement, as shown below: \n \nAlternatively you can create arrays as follows: \n \n \n \nThe array elements are accessed through the index. Array indices are 0-based; that is, they start"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 5fb8bf25-1966-47c8-b25a-c4069ad496ae
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "from 0 to arrayRefVar.length-1. \n \n \n \n \nExample: \nFollowing statement declares an array variable, myList, creates an array of 10 elements of \ndouble type and assigns its reference tomyList: \n \nFollowing picture represents array myList. Here, myList holds ten double values and the indices \nare from 0 to 9. \narrayRefVar= new dataType[arraySize]; \ndataType[] arrayRefVar = new dataType[arraySize]; \ndataType[] arrayRefVar = {value0, value1, ..., valuek};"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 5b6b34bb-80f2-434f-8d7a-18e30d19a8ad
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "double[] myList = new double[10];  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 17  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nProcessing Arrays: \nWhen processing array elements, we often use either for loop or for each loop because all of the \nelements in an array are of the same type and the size of the array is known. \n \nExample: \nHere is a complete example of showing how to create, initialize and process arrays: \n \npublic class TestArray \n{ \npublic static void main(String[] args) { \ndouble[] myList = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 949c55bd-788a-4729-ae6b-06f138f76561
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "double[] myList = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5}; \n// Print all the array elements \nfor (int i = 0; i <myList.length; i++){ \nSystem.out.println(myList[i] + \" \"); \n} \n// Summing all elements \ndouble total = 0; \nfor(int i = 0; i <myList.length; i++) { \ntotal += myList[i]; \n} \nSystem.out.println(\"Total is \" + total); \n// Finding the largest element \ndouble max = myList[0]; \nfor(int i = 1; i <myList.length; i++) { if \n(myList[i] >max) max = myList[i]; \n} \nSystem.out.println(\"Max is \" + max); \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: f929a4cd-8c55-40de-bcf1-79688e960a0e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \nSystem.out.println(\"Max is \" + max); \n} \n}  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 18  \n1.9 \n2.9 \n3.4 \n3.5 \nTotal is 11.7 \nMax is 3.5 \nThis would produce the following result: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \npublic class TestArray { \npublic static void main(String[] args) { \ndouble[] myList = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5}; \n// Print all the array elements \nfor(double element: myList) { \nSystem.out.println(element); \n}}} \n \nJava Console Class"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 0228f848-5fa2-4707-88ad-596c836024f4
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "}}} \n \nJava Console Class \n \nThe Java Console class is be used to get input from console. It provides methods to read texts and \npasswords. \n \nIf you read password using Console class, it will not be displayed to the user. \n \nThe java.io.Console class is attached with system console internally. The Console class is \nintroduced since 1.5. \n \nLet's see a simple example to read text from console. \n \n1. Stringtext=System.console().readLine(); \n2. System.out.println(\"Text is:\"+text);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1462ab06-375b-4a3e-b8a2-d82b01de34d9
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "2. System.out.println(\"Text is:\"+text); \n \nJava ConsoleExample \n \nimport java.io.Console; \n class ReadStringTest{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nConsole c=System.console(); \nSystem.out.println(\"Enter your name: \"); \nString n=c.readLine(); \nSystem.out.println(\"Welcome\"+n); } }  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 19  \nOutput \n \n \n \nConstructors \n \nConstructor in java is a special type of method that is used to initialize the object."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 5d937753-dcb1-4935-8b0d-55b6a751e3fc
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Java constructor is invoked at the time of object creation. It constructs the values i.e. provides data \nfor the object that is why it is known as constructor. \n \nThere are basically two rules defined for the constructor. \n \n1. Constructor name must be same as its classname \n2. Constructor must have no explicit returntype \n \nTypes of java constructors \n \nThere are two types of constructors: \n \n1. Default constructor (no-argconstructor) \n2. Parameterizedconstructor"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 7b30253a-3666-484b-ae0e-1260b3e09b1c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "2. Parameterizedconstructor \n \n \n \nJava Default Constructor \n \nA constructor that have no parameter is known as default constructor. \n \nSyntax of default constructor: \n1. <class_name>(){} \n \nExample of default constructor \n \nIn this example, we are creating the no-arg constructor in the Bike class. It will be invoked at \nthe time of object creation. \nclassBike1{ \nBike1(){System.out.println(\"Bike is created\");} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nBike1 b=new Bike1(); \n} }"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: bc77bbe1-8efe-4d3e-948f-72eb2aa686eb
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Bike1 b=new Bike1(); \n} } \nEnter your name: Nakul Jain \nWelcome Nakul Jain \nOutput:Bike is created  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 20  \nExample of parameterized constructor \nIn this example, we have created the constructor of Student class that have two parameters. We \ncan have any number of parameters in the constructor. \nclassStudent4{ \nint id; \nStringname; \n \nStudent4(int i,String n){ \nid = i; \nname = n; \n} \nvoid display(){System.out.println(id+\" \"+name);} \n \npublic static void main(String args[]){"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: fc590800-2ad8-4a5e-9ce3-2ba465a0b521
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "public static void main(String args[]){ \nStudent4 s1 = new Student4(111,\"Karan\"); \nStudent4 s2 = new Student4(222,\"Aryan\"); \ns1.display(); \ns2.display(); \n} } \n \nOutput: \n \n \nConstructor Overloading in Java \n \nConstructor overloading is a technique in Java in which a class can have any number of \nconstructors that differ in parameter lists.The compiler differentiates these constructors by \ntaking into account the number of parameters in the list and their type."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: d2c20d5c-38ca-44fa-9463-3f83b630b9fd
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Example of Constructor Overloading \nclassStudent5{ \nintid; String \nname; \nintage; \nStudent5(int i,String n){ \nid = i; \nname = n; \n} \nStudent5(int i,String n,int a){ \nid = i; \nname = n; \nage=a; \n} \nvoiddisplay(){System.out.println(id+\" \"+name+\" \"+age);} \n \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nStudent5 s1 = new Student5(111,\"Karan\"); \nStudent5 s2 = new Student5(222,\"Aryan\",25); \ns1.display(); \n111Karan \n222Aryan  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 21  \ns2.display(); \n} } \n \nOutput:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b8111552-aa0a-46bd-b41d-58f2c7f24950
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "s2.display(); \n} } \n \nOutput: \n \nJava CopyConstructor \n \nThere is no copy constructor in java. But, we can copy the values of one object to another like \ncopy constructor inC++. \n \nThere are many ways to copy the values of one object into another in java. They are: \n \noBy constructor \noBy assigning the values of one object into another \noBy clone() method of Object class \n \nIn this example, we are going to copy the values of one object into another using java \nconstructor. \nclassStudent6{"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 8b0052ef-dc25-48ed-a62e-1633231735c9
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "constructor. \nclassStudent6{ \nintid; \nStringname; \nStudent6(int i,String n){ \nid = i; \nname = n; \n} \n \nStudent6(Student6 s){ \nid = s.id; \nname =s.name; \n} \nvoiddisplay(){System.out.println(id+\" \"+name);} \n \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nStudent6 s1 = new Student6(111,\"Karan\"); \nStudent6 s2 = new Student6(s1); \ns1.display(); \ns2.display(); \n} } \n \nOutput: \n \n111 Karan 0 \n222 Aryan 25 \n111Karan \n111Karan  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 22  \nJava -Methods"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 9daa8116-cd11-4ff9-8326-7f1f86db8276
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Java -Methods \nA Java method is a collection of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation.  \nWhen you call the System.out. println() method, for example, the system actually executes  \nseveral statements in order to display a message on the console. \nNow you will learn how to create your own methods with or without return values, invoke a \nmethod with or without parameters, and apply method abstraction in the program design. \nCreating Method"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 5ea89f95-5d5e-4f4d-afd9-0e92240fdaea
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Creating Method \nConsidering the following example to explain the syntax of a method \u2212 \n \nSyntax \n \nHere, \n \n\uf0b7 public static \u2212modifier \n \n\uf0b7 int \u2212 returntype \n \n\uf0b7 methodName \u2212 name of the method \n \n\uf0b7 a, b \u2212 formalparameters \n \n\uf0b7 int a, int b \u2212 list ofparameters \n \nMethod definition consists of a method header and a method body. The same is shown in the \nfollowing syntax \u2212 \nSyntax \n \nThe syntax shown above includes \u2212"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: e616fc86-5a0f-4d27-8abd-ebe05368061e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Syntax \n \nThe syntax shown above includes \u2212 \n \n\uf0b7 modifier\u2212 It defines the access type of the method and it is optional touse. \n \n\uf0b7 returnType\u2212 Method may return avalue. \n \n\uf0b7 nameOfMethod\u2212 This is the method name. The method signature consists of themethod \nname and the parameter list. \npublic static int methodName(int a, int b) { \n// body \n} \nmodifier returnType nameOfMethod (Parameter List) { \n// method body \n}  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 23"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 7b109b94-2e63-4123-bcfa-26f8e3887468
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "// method body \n}  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 23  \n\uf0b7 Parameter List \u2212 The list of parameters, it is the type, order, and number of parameters \nof a method. These are optional, method may contain zeroparameters. \n\uf0b7 method body \u2212 The method body defines what the method does with thestatements. \nCall by Value and Call by Reference in Java \nThere is only call by value in java, not call by reference. If we call a method passing a value, it"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 06b39e1d-6096-422d-bf97-3b38e7f8953c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "is known as call by value. The changes being done in the called method, is not affected in t he \ncalling method. \nExample of call by value in java \nIn case of call by value original value is not changed. Let's take a simple example: \nclassOperation{ \nintdata=50; \nvoidchange(int data){ \ndata=data+100;//changes will be in the local variable only \n} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nOperation op=new Operation(); \nSystem.out.println(\"before change \"+op.data); \nop.change(500);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: a5c3cd48-ed78-4fe2-a9e9-c5d4b6b42893
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "op.change(500); \nSystem.out.println(\"after change \"+op.data); \n} \n} \n \n \nIn Java, parameters are always passed by value. For example, following program prints \ni = 10, j = 20. \n// Test.java \nclass Test { \n// swap() doesn't swap i and j \npublic static void swap(Integer i, Integer j) { \nInteger temp = new Integer(i); \ni = j; \nj = temp; \n} \npublic static void main(String[] args) { \nInteger i = new Integer(10); \nInteger j = new Integer(20); \nswap(i, j);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 538f5a70-ab03-4899-94d8-f9891a285066
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Integer j = new Integer(20); \nswap(i, j); \nSystem.out.println(\"i = \" + i + \", j = \" + j); \nOutput:before change 50 \nafter change 50  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 24  \n} \n} \n \n \n \n \nStatic Fields and Methods \n \nThe static keyword in java is used for memory management mainly. We can apply java static  \nkeyword with variables, methods, blocks and nested class. The static keyword belongs to the class \nthan instance of the class. \n \nThe static can be: \n \n1. variable (also known as classvariable)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c9c9a16d-e109-429a-864e-14ea0b2ff9ef
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "1. variable (also known as classvariable) \n2. method (also known as classmethod) \n3. block \n4. nestedclass \n \nJava static variable \n \nIf you declare any variable as static, it is known static variable. \n \no The static variable can be used to refer the common property of all objects (that is not unique for \neach object) e.g. company name of employees,college name of studentsetc. \no The static variable gets memory only once in class area at the time of classloading."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 3545b4cb-7715-4fda-af91-add7e1720d49
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Advantage of static variable \n \nIt makes your program memory efficient (i.e it saves memory). \n \nUnderstanding problem without static variable \n1. classStudent{ \n2. introllno; \n3. Stringname; \n4. String college=\"ITS\"; \n5.} \nExample of static variable \n//Program of static variable \nclassStudent8{ \nintrollno;  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 25  \nString name; \nstaticString college =\"ITS\"; \nStudent8(int r,String n){ \nrollno =r; \nname =n; \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 45f6732e-64e4-4b71-aae0-12091cb59fa1
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "rollno =r; \nname =n; \n} \nvoiddisplay (){System.out.println(rollno+\" \"+name+\" \"+college);} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nStudent8 s1 = new Student8(111,\"Karan\"); \nStudent8 s2 = new Student8(222,\"Aryan\"); \n \ns1.display(); \ns2.display(); \n} } \nOutput:111 KaranITS \n222 AryanITS \n \nJava static method \n \nIf you apply static keyword with any method, it is known as static method. \n \no A static method belongs to the class rather than object of aclass."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 36724c00-680a-4f2e-a6c2-43524e40768b
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "o A static method can be invoked without the need for creating an instance of aclass. \no static method can access static data member and can change the value ofit. \n \nExample of static method \n//Program of changing the common property of all objects(static field). \n \nclassStudent9{ \nint rollno; \nString name; \nstaticString college = \"ITS\"; \nstatic void change(){ \ncollege = \"BBDIT\"; \n} \nStudent9(int r, String n){ \nrollno =r; \nname =n;  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 26  \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b419e5e3-74a7-4192-af54-cc34752bb9b1
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "name =n;  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 26  \n} \nvoiddisplay (){System.out.println(rollno+\" \"+name+\" \"+college);} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nStudent9.change(); \nStudent9 s1 = new Student9 (111,\"Karan\"); \nStudent9 s2 = new Student9 (222,\"Aryan\"); \nStudent9 s3 = new Student9 (333,\"Sonoo\"); \ns1.display(); \ns2.display(); \ns3.display(); \n} } \nJava static block \n \no Is used to initialize the static datamember. \no It is executed before main method at the time of classloading."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: cb529e64-d1a9-4b05-b474-71da6865ba2b
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Example of static block \nclass A2{ \nstatic{System.out.println(\"static block is invoked\");} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nSystem.out.println(\"Hello main\"); \n} } \n \nAccess Control \n \nAccess Modifiers in java \n \nThere are two types of modifiers in java: access modifiers and non-access modifiers. \n \nThe access modifiers in java specifies accessibility (scope) of a data member, method, constructor \nor class. \nThere are 4 types of java access modifiers: \nOutput:111 Karan BBDIT"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 8ca5a2c8-0624-4739-b915-bac646f0f70a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Output:111 Karan BBDIT \n222 Aryan BBDIT \n333 Sonoo BBDIT \nOutput: static block is invoked \nHello main  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 27  \n1. private \n2. default \n3. protected \n4. public \n \nprivate access modifier \nThe private access modifier is accessible only within class. \n \nSimple example of private access modifier \nIn this example, we have created two classes A and Simple. A class contains private data  \nmember and private method. We are accessing these private members from outside the class,"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 71bfdc0d-3d17-42ee-a024-3607bc4df763
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "so there is compile time error. \nclassA{ \nprivate int data=40; \nprivate void msg(){System.out.println(\"Hello java\");}} \npublic class Simple{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nA obj=new A(); \nSystem.out.println(obj.data);//Compile Time Error \nobj.msg();//Compile Time Error \n} } \n \n2) default accessmodifier \nIf you don't use any modifier, it is treated as default bydefault. The default modifier is \naccessible only withinpackage. \nExample of default accessmodifier"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b43b1ee4-51e4-4b70-87a6-0584a043f606
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Example of default accessmodifier \nIn this example, we have created two packages pack and mypack.  We are accessing the A  \nclass from outside its package, since A class is not public, so it cannot be accessed from outside  \nthepackage. \n//save by A.java \npackage pack; \nclass A{ \nvoidmsg(){System.out.println(\"Hello\");} \n} \n \n//save by B.java \npackage mypack; \nimport pack.*;  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 28  \nclassB{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nA obj = new A();//Compile Time Error"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 9bb04101-9335-44e7-b2b5-10377cef178e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "A obj = new A();//Compile Time Error \nobj.msg();//Compile Time Error }} \n \nIn the above example, the scope of class A and its method msg() is default so it cannot be \naccessed from outside thepackage. \n3) protected accessmodifier \n \nThe protected access modifier is accessible within package and outside the package but through \ninheritance only. \n \nThe protected access modifier can be applied on the data member, method and constructor. It can't \nbe applied on the class."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c053235f-5099-488c-994c-4de06a528d65
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "be applied on the class. \nExample of protected access modifier \n \nIn this example,  we have created the two packages pack and  mypack. The A class of pack  \npackage is public, so can be accessed from outside the package. But msg method of this package \nis declared as protected, so it can be accessed from outside the class only throughinheritance. \n \n//save by A.java \npackage pack; \npublic class A{ \nprotected void msg(){System.out.println(\"Hello\");} } \n//save by B.java \npackage mypack;"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b37f5bc9-ee3f-483a-9fb1-c8326295bf19
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "//save by B.java \npackage mypack; \nimport pack.*; \nclass B extends A{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nB obj = new B(); \nobj.msg(); \n} } \nOutput:Hello  \n \n4) public accessmodifier \nThe public access modifier is accessible everywhere. It has the widest scope among all other \nmodifiers.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 29  \nExample of public access modifier \n//save by A.java \npackage pack; \npublic class A{ \npublic void msg(){System.out.println(\"Hello\");}} \n//save by B.java \npackage mypack;"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: ad0259ab-0d97-4d9d-b4eb-7450bdceebbc
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "//save by B.java \npackage mypack; \nimport pack.*; \nclass B{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nA obj = new A(); \nobj.msg(); \n} } \nOutput:Hello  \n \nUnderstanding all java access modifiers \n \nLet's understand the access modifiers by a simple table. \n \n \nAccess \nModifier \n \nwithin \nclass \n \nwithin \npackage \n \noutsidepackageby \nsubclassonly \n \noutside \npackage \n \nPrivate Y N N N \n \nDefault Y Y N N \nProtected Y Y Y N \nPublic Y Y Y Y \n \n \nthis keyword in java \n \nUsage of java this keyword"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 91e04063-316f-4880-af3b-e742a8efc3fa
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Usage of java this keyword \n \nHere is given the 6 usage of java this keyword. \n \n1. this can be used to refer current class instancevariable. \n2. this can be used to invoke current class method(implicitly) \n3. this() can be used to invoke current classconstructor.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 30  \n4. this can be passed as an argument in the method call. \n5. this can be passed as argument in the constructorcall. \n6. this can be used to return the current class instance from themethod."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 7ad4f70f-96bb-48b4-927b-31b8f7afcda8
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "class Student{ \nint rollno; \nString name; \nfloat fee; \nStudent(int rollno,String name,float fee){ \nthis.rollno=rollno; \nthis.name=name; \nthis.fee=fee; \n} \nvoid display(){System.out.println(rollno+\" \"+name+\" \"+fee);} \n} \nclass TestThis2{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nStudent s1=new Student(111,\"ankit\",5000f); \nStudent s2=newStudent(112,\"sumit\",6000f); \ns1.display(); \ns2.display(); \n}} \n \nOutput: \n111 ankit 5000 \n112 sumit 6000 \n \n \nDifference between constructor and method in java"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 6b75fb10-9a39-4586-85d2-93547c236572
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "There are many differences between constructors and methods. They are given below: \n \n \nJava Constructor Java Method \n \nConstructor is used to initialize the state of an object. \n \nMethod is used to expose behaviour \nof anobject. \nConstructor must not have return type. Method must have return type. \nConstructor is invoked implicitly. Method is invoked explicitly. \nThe java compiler provides a default constructor if you \ndon't have any constructor. \nMethod is not provided by compiler in"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c13a0872-f58d-44ad-bbf6-bcd9d0a303ef
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Method is not provided by compiler in \nany case. \nConstructor name must be same as the class name. Method name may or may not be   \n  \nsame as class name. \n \n \n \nConstructor Overloading in Java \n \nConstructor overloading is a technique in Java in which a class can have any number of  \nconstructors that differ in parameter lists.The compiler differentiates these constructors by  \ntaking into account the number of parameters in the list and their type. \nExample of Constructor Overloading"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 123c50f3-ebdd-4293-8b3c-422a733a3ac8
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Example of Constructor Overloading \nclass Student5{ \nint id; String \nname; \nintage; \nStudent5(int i,String n){ \nid = i; \nname = n; \n} \nStudent5(int i,String n,int a){ \nid = i; \nname = n; \nage=a; \n} \nvoid display(){System.out.println(id+\" \"+name+\" \"+age);} \n \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nStudent5 s1 = new Student5(111,\"Karan\"); \nStudent5 s2 = newStudent5(222,\"Aryan\",25); \ns1.display(); \ns2.display(); \n} \n} \n \nOutput: \n \n \n \nJAVAPROGRAMMING Page31 \n  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 32"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 053add5b-6e41-4c7b-9212-b42163780fa1
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 32   \n \n \nMethod Overloading in java \n \nIf a class has multiple methods having same name but different in parameters, it is known \nas MethodOverloading. \n \nIf we have to perform only one operation, having same name of the methods increases the \nreadability of the program. \n \n \n \nMethod Overloading: changing no. of arguments \n \nIn this example, we have created two methods, first add() method performs addition of two"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 3da8776a-237d-415e-b056-4ab5a903cc00
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "numbers and second add method performs addition of three numbers. \n \nIn this example, we are creating static methods so that we don't need to create instance for calling \nmethods. \n \nclassAdder{ \nstatic int add(int a,int b){return a+b;} \nstatic int add(int a,int b,int c){return a+b+c;} \n} \nclassTestOverloading1{ \npublic static void main(String[] args){ \nSystem.out.println(Adder.add(11,11)); \nSystem.out.println(Adder.add(11,11,11)); \n}} \n \nOutput:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 952e027b-207b-4fe6-8238-1f44bf73dd0f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "}} \n \nOutput: \n \nMethod Overloading: changing data type of arguments \n \nIn this example, we have created two methods that differs in data type. The first add method \nreceives two integer arguments and second add method receives two double arguments. \n111 Karan 0 \n222 Aryan 25 \n22 \n33  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 33   \nRecursion in Java \nRecursion in java is a process in which a method calls itself continuously. A method in java that \ncalls itself is called recursive method."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: d3536b01-c524-437b-ac88-d0968d61b96d
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "calls itself is called recursive method. \n \n \nJava Recursion Example 1: Factorial Number \n \npublic class RecursionExample3 { \nstatic int factorial(int n){ \nif(n == 1) \nreturn 1; \nelse \nreturn(n * factorial(n-1)); \n} } \npublic static void main(String[] args) { \nSystem.out.println(\"Factorial of 5 is: \"+factorial(5)); \n} } \n \nOutput: \n \nJava Garbage Collection \n \nIn java, garbage means unreferenced objects."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: a3d96aaa-563d-434a-a4d8-4cd750920698
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "In java, garbage means unreferenced objects. \n \nGarbage Collection is process of reclaiming the runtime unused memory automatically. In other \nwords, it is a way to destroy the unused objects. \n \nTo do so, we were using free() function in C language and delete() in C++. But, in java it is \nperformed automatically. So, java provides better memory management. \nAdvantage of Garbage Collection \no It makes java memory efficient because garbage collector removes the unreferenced"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: f995a135-960b-4582-88f2-1cb6cf93380d
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "objects from heapmemory. \no It is automatically done by the garbage collector(a part of JVM) so we don't need to make \nextraefforts. \ngc() method \nFactorial of 5 is: 120  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 34   \nThe gc() method is used to invoke the garbage collector to perform cleanup processing. The \ngc() is found in System and Runtime classes. \n \npublic static void gc(){} \nSimple Example of garbage collection in java \npublic class TestGarbage1{"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: fda334b2-e4b2-4c35-9d7d-e4f85a8743c4
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "public class TestGarbage1{ \npublic void finalize(){System.out.println(\"object is garbage collected\");} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nTestGarbage1 s1=new TestGarbage1(); \nTestGarbage1 s2=new TestGarbage1(); \ns1=null; \ns2=null; \nSystem.gc(); \n} } \n \nJava String \nstring is basically an object that represents sequence of char values. An array of characters works \nsame as java string. For example: \n \n1. char[] ch={'j','a','v','a','t','p','o','i','n','t'}; \n2. String s=new String(ch);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 58e007ca-7af0-4bb1-bf0c-954d968df9d9
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "2. String s=new String(ch); \nssame as: \n1. Strings=\"javatpoint\"; \n2. Java String class provides a lot of methods to perform operations on string such as  \ncompare(), concat(), equals(), split(), length(), replace(), compareTo(), intern(), substring() \netc. \n3. The java.lang.String class \nimplements Serializable, Comparable and CharSequenceinterfaces. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nCharSequence Interface \nobject is garbage collected \nobject is garbage collected  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 35"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 8cdb9969-10bd-4e2a-ac86-c01083b3a07b
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "The CharSequence interface is used to represent sequence of characters. It is implemented by  \nString, StringBuffer and StringBuilder classes. It means, we can create string in java by using  \nthese 3 classes. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThe java String is immutable i.e. it cannot be changed. Whenever we change any \nstring, a new instance is created. For mutable string, you can use StringBuffer and StringBuilder \nclasses. \nThere are two ways to create String object: \n1. By stringliteral \n2. By newkeyword"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4912cf9f-2165-434e-a015-b24039fc282a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "1. By stringliteral \n2. By newkeyword \n \nString Literal \n \nJava String literal is created by using double quotes. For Example: \n \n1. String s=\"welcome\"; \n \nEach time you create a string literal, the JVM checks the string constant pool first. If the string  \nalready exists in the pool, a reference to the pooled instance is returned. If string doesn't exist in  \nthe pool, a new string instance is created and placed in the pool. For example: \n \n1. Strings1=\"Welcome\";"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: e0cc4e78-be51-4aa3-a181-3f131530b256
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "1. Strings1=\"Welcome\"; \n2. String s2=\"Welcome\";//will not create newinstance \nBy new keyword \n1. String s=new String(\"Welcome\");//creates two objects and one reference variable \n \nIn such case, JVM will create a new string object in normal (non pool) heap memory and the  \nliteral \"Welcome\" will be placed in the string constant pool. The variable s will refer to the object  \nin heap (non pool). \n \nJava String Example \npublic class StringExample{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b3535bc9-89c6-4d68-a768-064ee66d812a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "public static void main(String args[]){ \nString s1=\"java\";//creating string by java string literal \ncharch[]={'s','t','r','i','n','g','s'}; \nString s2=new String(ch);//converting char array to string \nString s3=new String(\"example\");//creating java string by new keyword \nSystem.out.println(s1); \nSystem.out.println(s2); \nSystem.out.println(s3); \n}} \njava   JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 36   \n \nImmutable String in Java"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 6cbd8385-1ab5-4abb-9fed-b94caa78eff5
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Immutable String in Java \n \nIn java, string objects are immutable. Immutable simply means unmodifiable or unchangeable. \nOnce string object is created its data or state can't be changed but a new string object is created. \nLet's try to understand the immutability concept by the example given below: \nclassTestimmutablestring{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nString s=\"Sachin\"; \ns.concat(\" Tendulkar\");//concat() method appends the string at the end"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: a8e64d86-0730-4d8c-a999-36ab935b07c4
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "System.out.println(s);//will print Sachin because strings are immutable objects \n}} \nOutput:Sachin  \nclassTestimmutablestring1{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nString s=\"Sachin\"; \ns=s.concat(\" Tendulkar\"); \nSystem.out.println(s); \n} }Output:Sachin Tendulkar \nstrings \nexample  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 37   \n \n \n \nMALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY \nDEPARTMENT OF ECE \nUnit-2 \nInheritance in Java"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b351c639-8b4f-415a-8fc0-703e1e825b6c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "DEPARTMENT OF ECE \nUnit-2 \nInheritance in Java \nInheritance in java is a mechanism in which one object acquires all the properties and behaviors \nof parent object. Inheritance represents the IS-A relationship, also known as parent- \nchildrelationship. \n \nWhy use inheritance in java \no For Method Overriding (so runtime polymorphism can beachieved). \no For CodeReusability. \n \nSyntax of Java Inheritance \n1. classSubclass-name extends Superclass-name \n2. { \n3. //methods and \nfields4. }"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 45fefaa8-f9da-4bd5-8e3f-c38aa28ff1af
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "2. { \n3. //methods and \nfields4. } \n \nThe extends keyword indicates that you are making a new class that derives from an existing \nclass. The meaning of \"extends\" is to increase the functionality. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nclassEmployee{ \nfloatsalary=40000; \n} \nclassProgrammer extends Employee{ \nintbonus=10000; \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nProgrammer p=new Programmer(); \nSystem.out.println(\"Programmer salary is:\"+p.salary); \nSystem.out.println(\"Bonus of Programmer is:\"+p.bonus);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c4149000-444d-4874-9e23-f6ae17225a65
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} } \n \nProgrammer salary is:40000.0  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 38   \nBonus of programmeris:10000  \n \n \n \nTypes of inheritance in java \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nSingle Inheritance Example \nFile: TestInheritance.java \n \nclassAnimal{ \nvoideat(){System.out.println(\"eating...\");} \n} \nclassDog extends Animal{ \nvoidbark(){System.out.println(\"barking...\");} \n} \nclassTestInheritance{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nDog d=new Dog(); \nd.bark(); \nd.eat(); \n}} \nOutput: \nbarking... \neating..."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b5f625b3-c00b-42a0-a24f-d2894f82a166
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "d.eat(); \n}} \nOutput: \nbarking... \neating... \n \nMultilevel Inheritance Example \n \nFile: TestInheritance2.java \n \nclassAnimal{ \nvoideat(){System.out.println(\"eating...\");} \n} \nclassDog extends Animal{ \nvoidbark(){System.out.println(\"barking...\");} \n} \nclassBabyDog extends Dog{ \nvoidweep(){System.out.println(\"weeping...\");} \n} \nclassTestInheritance2{  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 39   \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nBabyDog d=new BabyDog(); \nd.weep(); \nd.bark(); \nd.eat(); \n}} \n \nOutput:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 9d8113cf-350f-4cf8-a79e-d6217cc2b3d7
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "d.weep(); \nd.bark(); \nd.eat(); \n}} \n \nOutput: \n \nHierarchical Inheritance Example \nFile: TestInheritance3.java \n \nclassAnimal{ \nvoideat(){System.out.println(\"eating...\");} \n} \nclassDog extends Animal{ \nvoidbark(){System.out.println(\"barking...\");} \n} \nclassCat extends Animal{ \nvoidmeow(){System.out.println(\"meowing...\");} \n} \nclassTestInheritance3{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nCat c=new Cat(); \nc.meow(); \nc.eat(); \n//c.bark();//C.T.Error \n}} \n \nOutput: \n \nweeping... \nbarking..."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: a44a6597-316b-4d83-b2ee-5b90f47c96d0
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "}} \n \nOutput: \n \nweeping... \nbarking... \neating... \nmeowing... \neating...  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 40   \n \n \nsuper keyword in java \n \nThe super keyword in java is a reference variable which is used to refer immediate parent class \nobject. \n \nWhenever you create the instance of subclass, an instance of parent class is created implicitly \nwhich is referred by super reference variable. \nUsage of java super Keyword \n \n1. super can be used to refer immediate parent class instancevariable."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 8e94bde9-b8c5-43b4-9024-9bb7fe9aa3f7
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "2. super can be used to invoke immediate parent classmethod. \n3. super() can be used to invoke immediate parent classconstructor. \n \nsuper is used to refer immediate parent class instance variable. \n \nclassAnimal{ \nStringcolor=\"white\"; \n} \nclassDog extends Animal{ \nStringcolor=\"black\"; \nvoidprintColor(){ System.out.println(color);//prints \ncolor of Dogclass \nSystem.out.println(super.color);//prints color of Animal class \n} \n} \nclassTestSuper1{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 3e0d32c7-5c15-4bd2-8599-b7c00b73ba20
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "public static void main(String args[]){ \nDog d=new Dog(); \nMember access and Inheritance \n \nA subclass includes all of the members of its super class but it cannot access those members of \nthe super class that have been declared as private. Attempt to access a private variable would \ncause compilation error as it causes access violation. The variables declared as private, is only \naccessible by other members of its own class. Subclass have no access to it.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 41"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: db89b010-1ef4-4f78-8ad8-02a9ba682da9
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "d.printColor(); \n}} \n \nOutput: \n \nFinal Keyword in Java \n \nThe final keyword in java is used to restrict the user. The java final keyword can be used in many context. \nFinal can be: \n \n1. variable \n2. method \n3. class \n \nThe final keyword can be applied with the variables, a final variable that have no value it is called blank  \nfinal variable or uninitialized final variable. It can be initialized in the constructor only. The blank final"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 8e33c9a9-34d0-4d52-94d5-79bb1f8b2c97
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "variable can be static also which will be initialized in the static block only. \nObject class in Java \n \nThe Object class is the parent class of all the classes in java by default. In other words, it is the \ntopmost class of java. \n \nThe Object class is beneficial if you want to refer any object whose type you don't know. Notice \nthat parent class reference variable can refer the child class object, know as upcasting."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 631ae55e-739f-4b5d-a439-8a0f5e34e88e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Let's take an example, there is getObject() method that returns an object but it can be of any type \nlike Employee,Student etc, we can use Object class reference to refer that object. For example: \n \n1. Object obj=getObject();//we don't know what object will be returned from thismethod \n \nThe Object class provides some common behaviors to all the objects such as object can be \ncompared, object can be cloned, object can be notified etc. \nMethod Overriding in Java"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: f1510829-0c96-425a-b556-edbd0241f193
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Method Overriding in Java \n \nIf subclass (child class) has the same method as declared in the parent class, it is known \nas method overriding in java. \nblack \nwhite  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 42   \nUsage of Java Method Overriding \no Method overriding is used to provide specific implementation of a method that is already \nprovided by its superclass. \no Method overriding is used for runtimepolymorphism \n \nRules for Java Method Overriding \n1. method must have same name as in the parentclass"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 30def6ed-a7a1-4c7c-9dc5-750b913f5593
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "2. method must have same parameter as in the parentclass. \n3. must be IS-A relationship(inheritance). \n \nExample of method overriding \nClass Vehicle{ \nvoidrun(){System.out.println(\"Vehicle is running\");} \n} \nclassBike2 extends Vehicle{ \nvoidrun(){System.out.println(\"Bike is running safely\");} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nBike2 obj = new Bike2(); \nobj.run(); \n} \n \nOutput:Bike is running safely \n \n1. classBank{ \nintgetRateOfInterest(){return 0;} \n} \nclassSBI extends Bank{"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 63e67525-29fd-4b0f-ba9d-a6e4328bc1ce
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \nclassSBI extends Bank{ \nintgetRateOfInterest(){return 8;} \n} \nclassICICI extends Bank{ \nintgetRateOfInterest(){return 7;} \n} \nclassAXIS extends Bank{ \nintgetRateOfInterest(){return 9;} \n} \nclassTest2{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nSBI s=new SBI(); \nICICI i=new ICICI(); \nAXIS a=new AXIS(); \nSystem.out.println(\"SBI Rate of Interest: \"+s.getRateOfInterest()); \nSystem.out.println(\"ICICI Rate of Interest: \"+i.getRateOfInterest());"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 0f75b76b-365e-4e2a-bbd3-0f9d67f67053
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "System.out.println(\"AXIS Rate of Interest: \"+a.getRateOfInterest()); \n} } \n \nOutput: \nSBI Rate of Interest: 8  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 43   \n \n \nAbstract class in Java \n \nA class that is declared with abstract keyword is known as abstract class in java. It can have  \nabstract and non -abstract methods (method with body). It needs to be extended and its method  \nimplemented. It cannot be instantiated. \nExample abstract class \n1. abstract classA{} \n \nabstractmethod"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 71b7f9d3-a533-4d65-9087-8477c1c9e00a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "1. abstract classA{} \n \nabstractmethod \n1. abstract void printStatus();//no body and abstract \n \nExample of abstract class that has abstract method \nabstract class Bike{ \nabstract void run(); \n} \nclassHonda4 extends Bike{ \nvoidrun(){System.out.println(\"running safely..\");} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nBike obj = new Honda4(); \nobj.run(); \n} \n1. } \nInterface in Java \nAn interface in java is a blueprint of a class. It has static constants and abstract methods."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: afdc2b79-d6ad-4c42-8853-ed12f422e7ad
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "The interface in java is a mechanism to achieve abstraction. There can be only abstract methods \nin the java interface not method body. It is used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance in  \nJava. \n \nJava Interface also represents IS-A relationship. \nIt cannot be instantiated just like abstract class. \nThere are mainly three reasons to use interface. They are given below. \no It is used to achieveabstraction. \no By interface, we can support the functionality of multipleinheritance."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b85fdc5a-24b9-4144-8b7f-56612ac37490
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "o It can be used to achieve loosecoupling. \nICICI Rate of Interest: 7 \nAXIS Rate of Interest: 9 \nrunningsafely..  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 44   \n \n \n \nInternal addition by compiler \n \n \n \n \n \nUnderstanding relationship between classes and interfaces \n \n \n \n \n \n \n//Interface declaration: by first user \ninterfaceDrawable{ \nvoiddraw(); \n} \n//Implementation: by second user \nclassRectangle implements Drawable{ \npublic void draw(){System.out.println(\"drawing rectangle\");} \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c70b5578-a507-4148-9cc3-daed4ee7adb4
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \nclassCircle implements Drawable{ \npublic void draw(){System.out.println(\"drawing circle\");} \n} \n//Using interface: by third user \nclassTestInterface1{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nDrawable d=new Circle();//In real scenario, object is provided by method e.g. getDrawable() \nd.draw(); \n}} \nOutput:drawing circle \n \n \nMultiple inheritance in Java by interface \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \ninterfacePrintable{  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 45   \nvoidprint(); \n} \ninterfaceShowable{ \nvoidshow(); \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1a567d7b-8006-4d82-8b84-89d4f0b307b7
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \ninterfaceShowable{ \nvoidshow(); \n} \nclassA7 implements Printable,Showable{ \npublic void print(){System.out.println(\"Hello\");} \npublic void show(){System.out.println(\"Welcome\");} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nA7 obj = new A7(); \nobj.print(); \nobj.show(); \n} } \n \nOutput:Hello \nWelcome \nAbstract class   Interface    \n1) Abstract class can have abstract Interface can have only abstract methods. Since \nand non-abstractmethods. Java 8, it can have default and static \n methodsalso."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 94065adb-8d82-4ac2-a331-51ae99922890
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "methodsalso. \n2) Abstract class doesn't support Interface supports multiple inheritance. \nmultipleinheritance.  \n3) Abstract class can have final, non- Interface has only static and final variables. \nfinal, static and non-static variables.  \n4) Abstract class can provide the Interface can't provide the implementation of \nimplementation ofinterface. abstract class. \n5) The abstract keyword is used to Theinterface keyword is used to declare \ndeclare abstract class. interface."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c75bf814-c57d-4acb-82b6-8e4c8e4da43f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "declare abstract class. interface.   \n6) Example:   Example:   \npublic abstract class Shape{ public interface Drawable{ \npublic abstract void draw(); void draw(); \n}   }  \n \nJava Inner Classes \nJava inner class or nested class is a class which is declared inside the class or interface. \n \nWe use inner classes to logically group classes and interfaces in one place so that it can be more \nreadable and maintainable. \n \nSyntax of Inner class \n1. classJava_Outer_class{ \n2. //code"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: f43e9228-852f-459a-8975-5a5a5649f163
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "1. classJava_Outer_class{ \n2. //code \n3. classJava_Inner_class{ \n4. //code \n5. } }  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 46   \nAdvantage of java inner classes \n \nThere are basically three advantages of inner classes in java. They are as follows: \n \n1) Nested classes represent a special type of relationship that is it can access all the members \n(data members and methods) of outer class includingprivate. \n \n2) Nested classes are used to develop more readable and maintainable code because it"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: a4b27710-3002-42a9-abff-2eec9748efbf
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "logically group classes and interfaces in one placeonly. \n \n3) Code Optimization: It requires less code to write. \n \nDifference between nested class and inner class in Java \n \nInner class is a part of nested class. Non-static nested classes are known as inner classes. \n \nTypes of Nested classes \n \nThere are two types of nested classes non-static and static nested classes.The non-static nested \nclasses are also known as inner classes. \n \no Non-static nested class (innerclass)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 579f1b5e-0e53-477e-98e6-3c4946aa6e4e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "o Non-static nested class (innerclass) \n1. Member inner class \n2. Anonymous innerclass \n3. Local inner class \no Static nestedclass \n \nJava Package \nA java package is a group of similar types of classes, interfaces and sub-packages. \nPackage in java can be categorized in two form, built-in package and user-defined package. \nThere are many built-in packages such as java, lang, awt, javax, swing, net, io, util, sql \netc.Advantage of JavaPackage"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 8dcd5c97-eb1a-4341-b92e-b9586a1423cc
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "etc.Advantage of JavaPackage \n1) Java package is used to categorize the classes and interfaces so that they can be easily \nmaintained. \n \n2) Java package provides accessprotection. \n \n3) Java package removes namingcollision. \n \npackagemypack; \npublic class Simple{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nSystem.out.println(\"Welcome to package\"); \n} }  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 47   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nHow to compile java package"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: a41ceaa4-022c-4b91-81d5-06d89342c25f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "How to compile java package \nIf you are not using any IDE, you need to follow the syntax given below: \njavac -d directory javafilename \nHow to run java package program \n \nTo Compile: javac -d . Simple.java \nTo Run: java mypack.Simple \n \nUsing fully qualified name \n \nExample of package by import fully qualified name \n \n//save by A.java \npackage pack; \npublic class A{ \npublic void msg(){System.out.println(\"Hello\");} } \n//save by B.java \npackage mypack; \nclass B{"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1f260261-f268-4b15-bdcb-b2d7f643f1a7
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "//save by B.java \npackage mypack; \nclass B{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \npack.A obj = new pack.A();//using fully qualified name \nobj.msg(); \n} \n} \nOutput:Hello   JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 48   \nMALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY \nDEPARTMENT OF ECE \nUNIT-3 \nException Handling \nThe exception handling in java is one of the powerful mechanism to handle the runtime \nerrors so that normal flow of the application can bemaintained. \n \nWhat is exception"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 87c20a33-cc0a-4568-8157-1de4ef5da105
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "What is exception \n \nIn java, exception is an event that disrupts the normal flow of the program. It is an object which is \nthrown at runtime. \n \nAdvantage of Exception Handling \n \nThe core advantage of exception handling is to maintain the normal flow of the application . \nException normally disrupts the normal flow o f the application that is why we use exception  \nhandling. \nTypes of Exception \n \nThere are mainly two types of exceptions: checked and unchecked where error is considered as"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: e963855a-8396-41bd-b392-b496c20b50e6
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "unchecked exception. The sun microsystem says there are three types of exceptions: \n1. CheckedException \n2. UncheckedException \n3. Error \n \nDifference between checked and unchecked exceptions \n \n1) Checked Exception: The classes that extend Throwable class except RuntimeException and Error \nare known as checked exceptions e.g.IOException, SQLException etc. Checked exceptions are checked  \natcompile-time. \n2) Unchecked Exception: The classes that extend RuntimeException are known as unchecked"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: ec504376-4b34-462e-be59-a0d3acfff820
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "exceptions e.g. ArithmeticException, NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException etc. \nUnchecked exceptions are not checked at compile-time rather they are checkedatruntime. \n3) Error: Error is irrecoverable e.g. OutOfMemoryError, VirtualMachineError, AssertionErroretc.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 49   \nHierarchy of Java Exception classes \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nChecked and UnChecked Exceptions  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 50   \n \nJava try block"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 3774c559-fa37-413e-869c-552ceaeff16c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Java try block \n \nJava try block is used to enclose the code that might throw an exception. It must be used within \nthe method. \n \nJava try block must be followed by either catch or finally block. \n \nSyntax of java try-catch \n \n1. try{ \n2. //code that may throwexception \n3. }catch(Exception_class_Name \nref){}Syntax of try-finallyblock \n1. try{ \n2. //code that may throwexception \n3. }finally{} \n \nJava catch block"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c694fa35-8bf5-479d-b06a-208baffd36ba
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "3. }finally{} \n \nJava catch block \n \nJava catch block is used to handle the Exception. It must be used after the try block only. \nYou can use multiple catch block with a single try. \nProblem without exception handling \n \nLet's try to understand the problem if we don't use try-catch block. \n \npublic class Testtrycatch1{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nint data=50/0;//may throw exception \nSystem.out.println(\"rest of thecode...\"); \n} } \nOutput:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: a9dd989b-d9f9-4d8a-b871-52924dd054ca
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} } \nOutput: \nException in thread main java.lang.ArithmeticException:/ byzero  \n \nAs displayed in the above example, rest of the code is not executed (in such case, rest of the \ncode... statement is not printed). \n \nThere can be 100 lines of code after exception. So all the code after exception will not be \nexecuted. \n \nSolution by exception handling \n \nLet's see the solution of above problem by java try-catch block. \n \npublic class Testtrycatch2{  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 51"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: db554fa9-5539-47cb-9e22-b2072b0e7d6e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "public static void main(String args[]){ \ntry{ \nintdata=50/0; \n}catch(ArithmeticException e){System.out.println(e);} \nSystem.out.println(\"rest of the code...\"); \n} } \n1. Output: \nNow, as displayed in the above example, rest of the code is executed i.e. rest of the code... \nstatement is printed. \n \nJava Multi catch block \n \nIf you have to perform different tasks at the occurrence of different Exceptions, use java multi \ncatch block. \n \nLet's see a simple example of java multi-catch block."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 9d4a1545-9798-416f-b9e2-d4ef5ed8a806
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "1. public classTestMultipleCatchBlock{ \n2. public static void main(Stringargs[]){ \n3. try{ \n4. inta[]=new int[5]; \n5. a[5]=30/0; \n6. } \n7. catch(ArithmeticException e){System.out.println(\"task1 iscompleted\");} \n8. catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){System.out.println(\"task 2 completed\"); \n9. } \n10. catch(Exception e){System.out.println(\"common taskcompleted\"); \n11. } \n12. System.out.println(\"rest of the code...\"); \n13. } } \n \n \n \nJava nested try example"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1860d6b3-46c9-45f6-a4b6-5193fefd76b1
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "13. } } \n \n \n \nJava nested try example \n \nLet's see a simple example of java nested try block. \n \nclass Excep6{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \ntry{t \nry{ \nSystem.out.println(\"going to divide\"); \nintb =39/0; \n}catch(ArithmeticException e){System.out.println(e);} \n \ntry{ \nException in thread main java.lang.ArithmeticException:/ by zero \nrest of the code... \nOutput:task1 completed \nrest of the code...  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 52   \ninta[]=new int[5]; \na[5]=4;"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 6f6a11d0-df5e-4a77-8241-ef9d82c939a1
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "inta[]=new int[5]; \na[5]=4; \n}catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){System.out.println(e);} \nSystem.out.println(\"other statement); \n}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(\"handeled\");} \nSystem.out.println(\"normal flow..\"); \n} \n1. } \nJava finally block \n \nJava finally block is a block that is used to execute important code such as closing connection, \nstream etc. \n \nJava finally block is always executed whether exception is handled or not. \nJava finally block follows try or catch block."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 086b3518-120c-49ca-9aef-3b06af35a91b
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Usage of Java finally \n \nCase 1 \nLet's see the java finally example where exception doesn't occur. \nclass TestFinallyBlock{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \ntry{ \nintdata=25/5; \nSystem.out.println(data); \n} \ncatch(NullPointerException e){System.out.println(e);} \nfinally{System.out.println(\"finally block is always executed\");} \nSystem.out.println(\"rest of the code...\"); \n} \n} \n \nJava throw keyword \n \nThe Java throw keyword is used to explicitly throw an exception."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 46eb2660-1e97-4d3d-9e6a-8886f4bf6e51
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "We can throw either checked or uncheked exception in java by throw keyword. The throw \nkeyword is mainly used to throw custom exception. We will see custom exceptions later. \n \nThe syntax of java throw keyword is given below. \n \n1. throwexception; \nOutput:5 \nfinally block is always executed \nrest of the code...  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 53   \n \n \n \nJava throw keyword example \n \nIn this example, we have created the validate method that takes integer value as a parameter. If"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 55e08f41-ff99-4f1c-9d85-98411a853569
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "the age is less than 18, we are throwing the ArithmeticException otherwise print a message \nwelcome to vote. \n1. public class TestThrow1{ \nstatic void validate(int age){ \nif(age<18) \nthrow new ArithmeticException(\"not valid\"); \nelse \nSystem.out.println(\"welcome to vote\"); \n} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nvalidate(13); \nSystem.out.println(\"rest of the code...\"); \n}} \n \nOutput: \n \nException in thread main java.lang.ArithmeticException:notvalid  \nJava throws keyword"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 71a5dbc9-32b2-4abc-8094-e991bd4745a7
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Java throws keyword \n \nThe Java throws keyword is used to declare an exception.  It gives an information to the  \nprogrammer that there may occur an exception so it is better for the programmer to provide the  \nexception handling code so that normal flow can be maintained. \n \nException Handling is mainly used to handle the checked exceptions. If there occurs any \nunchecked exception such as NullPointerException, it is programmers fault that he is not"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c65550cf-192e-46cf-8a37-a46c57af292a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "performing check up before the code being used. \n \nSyntax of java throws \n1. return_type method_name() throwsexception_class_name{ \n2. //method \ncode3. } \n4. \n \nJava throws example \n \nLet's see the example of java throws clause which describes that checked exceptions can be \npropagated by throws keyword. \n \nimport java.io.IOException; \nclass Testthrows1{  \nvoid m()throwsIOException{ \nthrow new IOException(\"device error\");//checked exception  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 54   \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 6dc67f0e-29b3-4d30-b6d6-0fd95115eb21
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \nvoidn()throws IOException{ \nm(); \n} \nvoidp(){ \ntry{ \nn(); \n}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(\"exception handled\");} \n} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nTestthrows1 obj=new Testthrows1(); \nobj.p(); \nSystem.out.println(\"normal flow...\"); } } \nOutput: \n \nJava Custom Exception \n \nIf you are creating your own Exception that is known as custom exception or user-defined \nexception. Java custom exceptions are used to customize the exception according to user need."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: d6c72575-babb-4df5-b8ff-ed169953403b
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "By the help of custom exception, you can have your own exception and message. \nLet's see a simple example of java custom exception. \nclass InvalidAgeException extends \nException{ InvalidAgeException(String s){ \nsuper(s); \n} } \nclass TestCustomException1{ \nstatic void validate(int age)throws InvalidAgeException{ \nif(age<18) \nthrow new InvalidAgeException(\"not valid\"); \nelse \nSystem.out.println(\"welcome to vote\"); \n} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \ntry{ \nvalidate(13);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 9063fa85-d8a4-493d-9c7b-3e727195b27c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "try{ \nvalidate(13); \n}catch(Exception m){System.out.println(\"Exception occured: \"+m);} \n \nSystem.out.println(\"rest of the code...\"); \n}} \n \nOutput:Exception occured: InvalidAgeException:not valid rest of the code... \nexception handled \nnormal flow...  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 55   \nMultithreading \n \nMultithreading in java is a process of executing multiple threads simultaneously. \n \nThread is basically a lightweight sub-process, a smallest unit of processing. Multiprocessing and"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 7bd513ed-2b58-449d-aaae-7feabf704e20
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "multithreading, both are used to achieve multitasking. \n \nBut we use multithreading than multiprocessing because threads share a common memory area.  \nThey don't allocate separate memory area so saves memory, and context -switching between the  \nthreads takes less time than process. \n \nJava Multithreading is mostly used in games, animation etc. \n \nAdvantages of Java Multithreading \n \n1) It doesn't block the user because threads are independent and you can performmultiple"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c62b7a47-3457-4f86-8c94-b73df703291f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "operations at sametime. \n \n2) You can perform many operations together so it savestime. \n \n3) Threads are independent so it doesn't affect other threads if exception occur in a singlethread. \n \nLife cycle of a Thread (Thread States) \n \nA thread can be in one of the five states. According to sun, there is only 4 states in thread life \ncycle in java new, runnable, non-runnable and terminated. There is no running state."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 6c85341c-f6ce-45c5-b3c6-ad1e16e08897
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "But for better understanding the threads, we are explaining it in the 5 states. \n \nThe life cycle of the thread in java is controlled by JVM. The java thread states are as follows: \n1. New \n2. Runnable \n3. Running \n4. Non-Runnable(Blocked) \n5. Terminated  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 56   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nHow to create thread \n \nThere are two ways to create a thread: \n \n1. By extending Threadclass \n2. By implementing Runnableinterface. \n \nThread class:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 89384dd4-4f5c-4222-84a4-26a97ddd3fe6
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Thread class: \n \nThread class provide constructors and methods to create and perform operations on a \nthread.Thread class extends Object class and implements Runnable interface. \n \nCommonly used Constructors of Thread class: \n \noThread() \noThread(String name) \noThread(Runnable r) \noThread(Runnable r,String name)  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 57   \nCommonly used methods of Thread class: \n \n1. public void run(): is used to perform action for athread."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: f59c37ea-71f4-4d4e-aad9-7aaf97a67897
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "2. public void start(): starts the execution of the thread.JVM calls the run() method onthethread. \n3. public void sleep(long miliseconds): Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily \ncease execution) for the specified number ofmilliseconds. \n4. public void join(): waits for a thread todie. \n5. public void join(long miliseconds): waits for a thread to die for the specifiedmiliseconds. \n6. public int getPriority(): returns the priority of thethread."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 85fc020e-f039-4410-b233-d39685902b6c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "7. public int setPriority(int priority): changes the priority of thethread. \n8. public String getName(): returns the name of thethread. \n9. public void setName(String name): changes the name of the thread. \n10. public Thread currentThread(): returns the reference of currently executingthread. \n11. public int getId(): returns the id of thethread. \n12. public Thread.State getState(): returns the state of thethread. \n13. public boolean isAlive(): tests if the thread isalive."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4f1b6623-6339-44e2-94b1-89687501c33f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "14. public void yield(): causes the currently executing thread object to temporarily pause and allow \nother threads toexecute. \n15. public void suspend(): is used to suspend thethread(depricated). \n16. public void resume(): is used to resume the suspendedthread(depricated). \n17. public void stop(): is used to stop thethread(depricated). \n18. public boolean isDaemon(): tests if the thread is a daemonthread. \n19. public void setDaemon(boolean b): marks the thread as daemon or userthread."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 6c664287-e863-49af-8262-e23d4a637e6d
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "20. public void interrupt(): interrupts thethread. \n21. public boolean isInterrupted(): tests if the thread has beeninterrupted. \n22. public static boolean interrupted(): tests if the current thread has beeninterrupted. \n \n \nRunnable interface: \n \nThe Runnable interface should be implemented by any class whose instances are intended to be \nexecuted by a thread. Runnable interface have only one method named run(). \n1. public void run(): is used to perform action for athread."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: ed6f55d3-6a4d-4ca5-9560-77e8de323f3a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Starting a thread: \n \nstart() method of Thread class is used to start a newly created thread. It performs following \ntasks: \noA new thread starts(with new callstack). \noThe thread moves from New state to the Runnable state. \noWhen the thread gets a chance to execute, its target run() method will run.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 58   \nJava Thread Example by extending Thread class \n \nclass Multi extends Thread{ \npublic void run(){ \nSystem.out.println(\"thread is running...\"); \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 42a703fb-7a69-4795-8996-f0a9c2a8c227
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "System.out.println(\"thread is running...\"); \n} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nMulti t1=new Multi(); \nt1.start(); \n} } \n \nJava Thread Example by implementing Runnable interface \nclass Multi3 implements Runnable{ \npublic void run(){ \nSystem.out.println(\"thread is running...\"); \n} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nMulti3 m1=new Multi3(); \nThread t1 =new Thread(m1); \nt1.start(); \n} } \n \nPriority of a Thread (Thread Priority):"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 93ef5fb9-97a2-4820-8ce8-31e8328351d1
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} } \n \nPriority of a Thread (Thread Priority): \nEach thread have a priority. Priorities are represented by a number between 1 and 10. In most \ncases, thread schedular schedules the threads according to their priority (known as preemptive \nscheduling). But it is not guaranteed because it depends on JVM specification that which \nscheduling it chooses. \n \n3 constants defined in Thread class: \n \n1. public static intMIN_PRIORITY \n2. public static intNORM_PRIORITY \n3. public static intMAX_PRIORITY"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: bb73236a-36e4-4daf-b9fb-5af148511333
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "3. public static intMAX_PRIORITY \n \nDefault priority of a thread is 5 (NORM_PRIORITY). The value of MIN_PRIORITY is 1 and \nthe value of MAX_PRIORITY is 10. \n \nExample of priority of a Thread: \nclass TestMultiPriority1 extends \nThread{public void run(){ \nSystem.out.println(\"running thread name is:\"+Thread.currentThread().getName()); \nSystem.out.println(\"running thread priority is:\"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority()); \n} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nOutput:thread isrunning..."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: fb818804-5218-4863-aced-156a8726cc51
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Output:thread isrunning... \nOutput:thread isrunning...  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 59   \nTestMultiPriority1 m1=new TestMultiPriority1(); \nTestMultiPriority1 m2=new TestMultiPriority1(); \nm1.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); \nm2.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); \nm1.start(); \nm2.start(); \n} } \nOutput:running thread name is:Thread-0 \nrunning thread priority is:10 \nrunning thread name is:Thread-1 \nrunning thread priority is:1 \n \n \nJava synchronized method"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: f0efffc9-d63d-4b8e-a728-7195fa5eca3d
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Java synchronized method \n \nIf you declare any method as synchronized, it is known as synchronized method. \nSynchronized method is used to lock an object for any shared resource. \nWhen a thread invokes a synchronized method, it automatically acquires the lock for that object \nand releases it when the thread completes its task. \n \nExample of inter thread communication in java \nLet's see the simple example of inter thread communication. \n \nclass Customer{ \nintamount=10000;"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 0d35b22e-8f0f-4370-95cd-16a89cb1b25c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "class Customer{ \nintamount=10000; \nsynchronized void withdraw(int amount){ \nSystem.out.println(\"going to withdraw...\" ); \nif(this.amount<amount){ \nSystem.out.println(\"Less balance; waiting for deposit...\"); \ntry{wait();}catch(Exception e){} \n} \nthis.amount-=amount; \nSystem.out.println(\"withdraw completed...\"); \n} \nsynchronized void deposit(int amount){ \nSystem.out.println(\"going to deposit...\"); \nthis.amount+=amount; \nSystem.out.println(\"deposit completed... \"); \nnotify(); \n} \n} \nclassTest{"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c130cb38-2847-4697-bccd-dd630d57bb8e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "notify(); \n} \n} \nclassTest{ \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nfinal Customer c=newCustomer(); \nnew Thread(){ \npublic void run(){c.withdraw(15000);} \n}.start(); \nnewThread(){  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 60   \npublic void run(){c.deposit(10000);} \n} \nstart(); \n}} \nThreadGroup in Java \n \nJava provides a convenient way to group multiple threads in a single object. In such way, we can \nsuspend, resume or interrupt group of threads by a single method call."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c9ecc773-17b7-4d63-9d0d-0ee79022b1b4
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Java thread group is implemented by java.lang.ThreadGroup \n \nclass.Constructors of ThreadGroup class \n \nThere are only two constructors of ThreadGroup class. \n \nThreadGroup(String name) \nThreadGroup(ThreadGroup parent, String name) \n \nLet's see a code to group multiple threads. \n \n1. ThreadGroup tg1 = new ThreadGroup(\"GroupA\"); \n2. Thread t1 = new Thread(tg1,newMyRunnable(),\"one\"); \n3. Thread t2 = new Thread(tg1,newMyRunnable(),\"two\"); \n4. Thread t3 = new Thread(tg1,newMyRunnable(),\"three\");"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1bd5340a-fb27-4806-b8d6-90cb72a5358e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Now all 3 threads belong to one group. Here, tg1 is the thread group name, MyRunnable is the \nclass that implements Runnable interface and \"one\", \"two\" and \"three\" are the thread names. \n \nNow we can interrupt all threads by a single line of code only. \n \n1. Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().interrupt(); \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n            \n \n        \n \nOutput: going to withdraw... \nLess balance; waiting for deposit... \ngoing to deposit... \ndeposit completed... \nwithdraw completed"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 3614493d-931d-4b66-bd39-2267969490bc
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "deposit completed... \nwithdraw completed \nNote: Now suspend(), resume() and stop() methods are deprecated.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 61   \nMALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY \n \nDEPARTMENT OF ECE \n \nUNIT 4 \n \n      APPLETS: \nAn applet is a program that comes from server into a client and gets executed at client side and displays \nthe result. \nAn applet represents byte code embedded in a html page. (Applet = bytecode + html) and run with the"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 86131268-b4ef-481e-a1c1-2ce1cf0a06e7
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "help of Java enabled browsers such as Internet Explorer. \nAn applet is a Java program that runs in a browser. Unlike Java applications applets do not have a main \n() method. \nTo create applet we can use java.applet.Applet or javax.swing.JApplet class. All applets inherit  the super \nclass \u2018Applet\u2019. An Applet class contains several methods that help to control the execution of an applet. \nAdvantages: \n1. Applets provide dynamic nature for a webpage."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 911b47b2-c0bf-46f2-b19d-10f004ffec4c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "1. Applets provide dynamic nature for a webpage. \n2.  Applets are used in developing games and animations. \n3.  Writing and displaying (browser) graphics and animations is easier than applications. \n4.  In GUI development, constructor, size of frame, window closing code etc. are not required \n \nRestrictions of Applets of Applets Vs Applications \n\uf020 \uf031\uf02e Applets are required separate compilation before opening in a browser."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 37c6a9ed-7002-4dcc-bb63-fa325f9633be
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "\uf020 \uf032\uf02e  In realtime environment, the bytecode of applet is to be downloaded from the server to \nthe client machine. \n\uf020 \uf033\uf02e  Applets are treated as untrusted (as they were developed by unknown people and placed \non unknown servers whose trustworthiness is not guaranteed). \n\uf034\uf02e Extra Code is required to communicate between applets using AppletContext. \n \n DIFFERENCES BETWEEN APPLETS AND APPLICATIONS \n \nFEATURE APPLICATION APPLET \nmain() method main() method Present main() method Not present"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: ea41a98a-da46-4941-83b4-0e6377cd42a2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Execution Can be executed on standalone \ncomputer system. (JDK & JRE) \nUsed to run a program on client \nBrowser like Chrome. \nNature Called as stand-alone \napplication as application can \nbe executed from command \nprompt \nRequires some third party tool \nhelp like a browser to execute \nRestrictions Can access any data or software \navailable on the system \nCannot access anything on the \nsystem except browser\u201fs \nservices \nSecurity Does not require any security Requires highest security for the"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: dfe7d8f9-0a67-445f-89ce-165d9a5efff6
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "system as they are untrusted \nProgramming larger programs small programs \nPlatform platform independent platform independent \nAccessibility The java applications are \ndesigned to work with the \nApplets are designed just for \nhandling the client site  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 62   \nclient as well as server. problems. \nWorking Applications are created by \nwriting public static void \nmain(String[] s) method \nApplets are created by \nextending the java.applet.Applet \nclass \nClient side / \nServer side"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 32f01d2d-8041-47dd-9abf-29be7bf35f44
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "class \nClient side / \nServer side \nThe applications don't \nhave such type of criteria \nApplets are designed for the \nclient site programming purpose \nMethods Application has a single start \npoint which is main method \nApplet application has 5 \nmethods which will be \nautomatically invoked. \nExample public class MyClass \n{ public static void main(String \nargs[]){} \n} \n \n \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.applet.*; \npublic class Myclass extends \nApplet{ \npublic void init(){} \npublic void start(){}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 3d23f0cd-53db-40c5-a244-08a9224ccb19
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "public void init(){} \npublic void start(){} \npublic void stop(){} \npublic void destroy() {} \npublic void paint(Graphics g) {} \n} \n \n \n \n \n \nLIFE CYCLE OF AN APPLET \nLet the Applet class extends Applet or JApplet class. \n \n            \n       \n \nInitialization: \n\uf0b7\uf020\npublic void init(): This method is used for initializing variables, parameters to create components. This \nmethod is executed only once at the time of applet loaded into memory. \npublic void init(){ \n//initialization \n} \nRunnning: \n\uf0b7\uf020"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 2e8b7ab5-abbb-4aaf-b416-4bc564be67ef
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "//initialization \n} \nRunnning: \n\uf0b7\uf020\npublic void start (): After init() method is executed, the start method is executed automatically. \nStart method is executed as long as applet gains focus. In this method code  related to opening files \nand connecting to database and retrieving the data and processingthe data is written. \n  \nJAVA PROGRAMMING           Page 63 \n \n \nIdle / Runnable: \n\uf0b7\uf020\npublic void stop (): This method is executed when the applet loses focus. Code related to"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 85c3e7c6-faf6-4b9d-87d3-9274540e8aef
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "closing the files and  database, stopping threads and performing clean up operations are  \nwritten in this stop method. \nDead/Destroyed: \npublic void destroy (): This method is executed only once when the applet is terminated \nfrom the memory. \nExecuting above methods in that sequence is called applet life cycle. \nWe can also use public void paint (Graphics g) in applets. \n//An Applet skeleton. \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.applet.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"AppletSkel\" width=300 height=100>"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1d4a7e11-2abb-4784-9c77-f9c82b8ad3f5
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "<applet code=\"AppletSkel\" width=300 height=100> \n</applet> \n*/ \npublic class AppletSkel extends Applet { \n3 Called first. \npublic void \ninit() { \n4 initialization \n} \n/* Called second, after init(). Also called whenever the applet is restarted. */ \npublic void start() { \n3 start or resume execution \n} \n4 Called when the applet is \nstopped. public void stop() { \n5 suspends execution \n} \n/* Called when applet is terminated. This is the last method executed. */ \npublic void destroy() {"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 81684ea3-4df9-4713-8966-4b709acc502c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "public void destroy() { \n5 perform shutdown activities \n} \n6 Called when an applet's window must be \nrestored. public void paint(Graphics g) { \n7 redisplay contents of window \n} \n} \nAfter writing an applet, an applet is compiled in the same way as Java application but running of \nan applet is different. \nThere are two ways to run an applet. \n\uf031 Executing an applet within a Java compatible web browser. \n Executing an applet using \u2018appletviewer\u2019. This executes the applet in a window."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 27ef906c-eb22-46a9-a6b9-1208d31370db
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "To execute an applet using web browser, we must write a small HTML file which contains the  \nappropriate \u201eAPPLET\u201f tag. <APPLET> tag is useful to embed an applet into an HTML page. It  \nhas the following form:   \nJAVA PROGRAMMING           Page 64 \n \n \n<APPLET CODE=\u201dname of the applet class file\u201d HEIGHT = maximum height  of applet in  \npixels WIDTH = maximum width of  applet in pixels ALIGN = alignment (LEFT, RIGHT, \nMIDDLE, TOP, BOTTOM)> \n<PARAM NAME = parameter name VALUE = its"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 9d9ba20c-2e86-485b-8c3f-b5c9aa4a7a59
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "<PARAM NAME = parameter name VALUE = its \nvalue> </APPLET> \nExecution: appletviewer programname.java or appletviewer programname.html \nThe <PARAM> tag useful to define a variable (parameter) and its value inside the HTML page  \nwhich can be passed to the applet. The applet can access the parameter value using \ngetParameter () method, as: String value = getParameter (\u201cpname\u201d); \nExample Program: \nFollowing is a simple applet named HelloWorldApplet.java \u2212 \nimport java.applet.*;"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4627e25a-b4c1-4823-9ab0-e9dd023be1b1
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "import java.applet.*; \nimport java.awt.*; \npublic class HelloWorldApplet extends Applet { \npublic void paint (Graphics g) { \ng.drawString (\"Hello World\", 25, 50); \n} } \nInvoking an Applet - HelloWorldApplet.html \n<html> \n<title>The Hello, World Applet</title> \n<applet code = \"HelloWorldApplet.class\" width = \"320\" height = \"120\"> \n</applet> \n</html> \nOUTPUT: javac HelloWorldApplet.java \nappletviewer HelloWorldApplet.html \nEmbedded an Applet \n//First.java \nimport java.applet.Applet;"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: ffc4f613-4a9a-446d-991b-c49c2ff78f92
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "//First.java \nimport java.applet.Applet; \nimport java.awt.Graphics; \n/* \n<applet code=\"First.class\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\"> \n</applet> \n*/ \npublic class First extends Applet \n{ \npublic void paint(Graphics g){ \ng.drawString(\"welcome to applet\",150,150); \n} \n} \nOUTPUT: javac First.java \nappletviewer First.java \n \nTYPES OF APPLETS \nApplets are of two types: \n// Local Applets \n// Remote Applets   \nJAVA PROGRAMMING           Page 65"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 44e9e799-f005-424b-a9f1-82e360b749d1
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JAVA PROGRAMMING           Page 65 \n \n \nLocal Applets: An applet developed locally and stored in a local  system is called local applets.  \nSo, local system does not require internet.  We can write our own applets and embed them into  \nthe web pages. \nRemote Applets: The applet that is downloaded from a remote computer system and embed  \napplet into a web page. The i nternet should be present in the system to download the applet and"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: dfcf3abf-8b6d-4346-b16d-bfaf4645e9bd
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "run it. To download the applet we must know the applet address on web known as Uniform  \nResource Locator(URL) and must be specified in the applets HTML document as the value of  \nCODEBASE. \n \nPASSING PARAMETERS TO AN APPLET \nJava applet has the feature of retrieving the parameter values passed from the html page. So, you  \ncan pass the parameters from your html page to the applet embedded in your page. The param"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 83b7b284-86a7-4bbf-a018-aed03e07dbd7
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "tag(<parma name=\"\" value=\"\"></param >) is used to pass the parameters to an applet. The \napplet has to call the getParameter() method supplied by the java.applet.Applet parent class. \n \nEx1: Write a program to pass employ name and id number to an applet. \nimport java.applet.*; \nimport java.awt.*; \n/* <applet code=\"MyApplet2.class\" width = 600 height= 450> \n<param name = \"t1\" value=\"Hari Prasad\"> <param name = \n\"t2\" value =\"101\"> \n</applet> */ \n \npublic class MyApplet2 extends Applet \n{"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 15aaaa1a-e987-458b-b84a-576da4a76c2e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "public class MyApplet2 extends Applet \n{ \nString n; \nString id; \npublic void init() \n{ \nn = getParameter(\"t1\"); \nid = getParameter(\"t2\"); \n} \npublic void paint(Graphics g) \n{ \nrawString(\"Name is : \" \n+ n, 100,100); \ng.drawString(\"Id is : \n\"+ id, 100,150); \n} \n} \nEx2: Write a program to pass two numbers and pass result to an applet. \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.applet.*; \n/*<APPLET code=\"Pp\" width=\"300\" \nheight=\"250\"> <PARAM name=\"a\" value=\"5\"> \n<PARAM name=\"b\" value=\"5\"> \n</APPLET>*/"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 67837f7d-dc58-4415-aa77-75d42ee8b0c5
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "<PARAM name=\"b\" value=\"5\"> \n</APPLET>*/ \npublic class Pp extends Applet \n{   \nJAVA PROGRAMMING           Page 66 \n \n \nString str; \nint a,b,result; \npublic void init() \n{ \nstr=getParameter(\"a\"); \na=Integer.parseInt(str); \nstr=getParameter(\"b\"); \n \nb=Integer.parseInt(str); \nresult=a+b; \nstr=String.valueOf(result); \n} \npublic void paint(Graphics g) \n{ \ng.drawString(\" Result of Addition is : \"+str,0,15); \n} \n} \n \n \nEx3: Hai.java \nimport java.applet.*; \nimport java.awt.*;"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 03ed40a2-c9e1-4b78-b9c6-03bce294fecd
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "import java.applet.*; \nimport java.awt.*; \n/*<Applet code=\"hai\" height=\"250\" width=\"250\"> \n<PARAM name=\"Message\" value=\"Hai friend how are you ..?\"></APPLET> \n*/ \nclass hai extends Applet \n{ \nprivate String defaultMessage = &quot;Hello!&quot;; \npublic void paint(Graphics g) { \n \nString inputFromPage = this.getParameter(&quot;Message&quot;); if \n(inputFromPage == null) inputFromPage = defaultMessage; \ng.drawString(inputFromPage, 50, 55); \n} \n} \nOutput:  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 67"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 116fb56e-b026-4389-a61f-289413e42949
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \n} \nOutput:  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 67 \n \n \nMRCET UNIT-IV JP NOTES III B.TECH. I SEM \nEVENT HANDLING \nEvent handling is at the core of successful applet programming. Most events to which the applet  \nwill respond are generated by the user. The most commonly handled events are those generated  \nby the mouse, the keyboard, and various controls, such as a push button. \nEvents are supported by the java.awt.event package. \nThe Delegation Event Model \n\uf02f\uf02f\uf020"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: ed6a0b32-fee6-47a9-a1cd-7902f635c0a7
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "The Delegation Event Model \n\uf02f\uf02f\uf020\nThe modern approach to handling events is based on the delegation event model, which \ndefines standard and consistent mechanisms to generate and process events. \n\uf02f\uf02f\uf020\nIts concept is quite simple: a source generates an event and sends it to one or more \nlisteners. In this scheme, the listener simply waits until it receives an event. Once received,  \nthe listener processes the event and then returns."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: de3bc709-d6b1-4803-aebc-a5f45949f006
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "The advantage of this design is that the application logic that processes events is  \ncleanly separated from the user interface logic that generates those events. A user interface  \nelement is able to \"delegate\" the processing of an event to a separate piece of code. \n \nIn the delegation event model, listeners must register with a source in order to  \nreceive an event notification. This provides an important benefit: notifications are sent only  \nto listeners that want to receive them."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 410967b1-89bf-4f31-abf8-c83bfdcb65fc
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "to listeners that want to receive them. \n \nEVENTS \nIn the delegation model, an event is an object that describes a state change in a source. It can be  \ngenerated as a consequence of a person interacting with the elements in a  graphical user \ninterface. Some of the activities that cause events to be generated are pressing a button, entering \na character via the keyboard, selecting an item in a list, and clicking the mouse."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 3eac4d86-d793-4721-875e-b0a694d05641
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Events may also occur that are not directly caused by interactions with a user interface. \nFor example , an event may be generated when a timer expires, a counter exceeds a value,  \nsoftware or hardware failure occurs, or an operation is completed. \nEVENT SOURCES \nA source is an object that generates an event. This occurs when the internal state of that object  \nchanges in some way. Sources may generate more than one type of event. A source must register"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: f979070a-ac09-408e-be18-1f1f9340da51
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "listeners in order for the  listeners to receive notifications about  a specific type  of event. Each  \ntype of event has its own registration method. \nHere is the general form: \npublic void add Type Listener( Type Listener el ) \nEVENT LISTENERS \nA listener is an object that is notified when an event occurs. It has two major requirements. First, \nit must have been registered with one or more sources to receive notifications about  specific"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 861ce707-2799-460b-9932-0578f704fe57
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "types of events. Second, i t must implement methods to receive and process these notifications.  \nThe methods that receive and process events are defined in a set of interfaces found in \njava.awt.event.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 68 \n \n \n \nFor example, the MouseMotionListener interface defines two methods to receive notifications  \nwhen the mouse is dragged or moved. \nEVENT CLASSES \nThe classes that represent events are at the core of Java's event handling mechanism. At the root"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 38af88ef-645a-4d73-aeb8-652bd2d3808f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "of the Java event class hierarchy is EventObject, which is in java.util. It is the superclass for all  \nevents. \nIt\u2019s one constructor is shown here: \nEventObject(Object src ) \nEventObject contains two methods: getSource( ) and toString( ) . \nThe getSource( ) method returns the source of the event. Ex: Object getSource( ) \ntoString( ) returns the string equivalent of the event. \nThe package java.awt.event defines several types of events that are generated by various user \ninterface elements."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 73b7b368-08be-4f7e-a332-ad28bad4980f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "interface elements. \nEvent Class Description \nActionEvent Generated when a button is pressed, a list item is double-clicked, or a menu \nitem is selected. \nAdjustmentEvent Generated when a scroll bar is manipulated. \nComponentEvent Generated when a component is hidden, moved, resized or becomes visible. \nContainerEvent Generated when a component is added to or removed from a container. \nFocusEvent Generated when a component gains or loses keyboard focus."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: bc63b22b-4c6f-4a7e-afa6-46bf6eeafc9e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "InputEvent Abstract super class for all component input event classes. \nItemEvent Generated when a check box or list item is clicked; so occurs when a choice \nselection is made or a checkable menu item is selected or deselected. \nKeyEvent Generated when input is received from the keyboard. \nMouseEvent Generated when the mouse is dragged, moved, clicked, pressed, or released; \nalso generated when the mouse enters or exits a component."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 65683744-e92a-4d6c-9017-34503ca24076
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "MouseWheelEvent Generated when the mouse wheel is moved. (Added by Java 2, version 1.4) \nTextEvent Generated when the value of a text area or text field is changed. \nWindowEvent Generated when a window is activated, closed, deactivated, deiconified, \niconified, opened, or quit. \nThe ActionEvent Class \nAn ActionEvent is generated when a button is pressed, a list item is double-clicked, or a menu \nitem is selected. The ActionEvent class defines four integer constants that can be used to"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 8596a6d1-a9c3-413d-bc69-7658eab58934
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "identify any modifiers associated with an action event: ALT_MASK , CTRL_MASK , \nMETA_MASK , and SHIFT_MASK . \nActionEvent has these three constructors: \nActionEvent(Object src , int type , String cmd ) \nActionEvent(Object src , int type , String cmd , int modifiers ) \nActionEvent(Object src , int type, String cmd, long when , int modifiers )  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 69 \n \n \n \n \n \nThe ComponentEvent Class \n// ComponentEvent is generated when the size, position, or visibility of a component  is"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: f8d8f8ab-75ab-494b-9f39-e61fde0f21f0
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "changed. There are four types of component events. The constants and their meanings are \nshown here: \nCOMPONENT_HIDDEN The component was hidden. \nCOMPONENT_MOVED The component was moved. \nCOMPONENT_RESIZED The component was resized. \nCOMPONENT_SHOWN The component became visible. \nThe ContainerEvent Class \n//ContainerEvent is generated when a component is added to or removed from a container. \nThere are two types of container events. \n\uf0e0\uf020\nCOMPONENT_ADDED and \nCOMPONENT_REMOVED The KeyEvent Class"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 9eec7556-669f-4b58-a12c-83dd66882ca6
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "COMPONENT_REMOVED The KeyEvent Class \n//KeyEvent is generated when keyboard input occurs. There are three types of key events,  \nwhich are identified by these integer constants: KEY_PRESSED, KEY_RELEASED,  \nand KEY_TYPED . \nThe first two events are generated when any key is pressed or released. The last event occurs \nonly when a character is generated. \nThe MouseEvent Class \nThere are eight types of mouse events. The MouseEvent class defines the following integer"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 480720e8-b59b-4087-b003-8bc9f43411c9
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "constants that can be used to identify them: \nMOUSE_CLICKED The user clicked the mouse. \nMOUSE_DRAGGED The user dragged the mouse. \nMOUSE_ENTERED The mouse entered a component. \nMOUSE_EXITED The mouse exited from a component. \nMOUSE_MOVED The mouse moved. \nMOUSE_PRESSED The mouse was pressed. \nMOUSE_RELEASED The mouse was released. \nMOUSE_WHEEL The mouse wheel was moved (Java 2, v1.4). \nThe WindowEvent Class"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 5574802e-6cb0-4279-b418-4b8ae923788a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "The WindowEvent Class \nThere are ten types of window events. The WindowEvent class defines integer constants that \ncan be used to identify them. The constants and their meanings are shown here: \nWINDOW_ACTIVATED The window was activated. \nWINDOW_CLOSED The window has been closed. \nWINDOW_CLOSING The user requested that the window be closed. \nWINDOW_DEACTIVATED The window was deactivated. \nWINDOW_DEICONIFIED The window was deiconified. \nWINDOW_GAINED_FOCUS The window gained input focus."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 275c41d9-000a-4fad-924a-5519a4f3ab57
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "WINDOW_ICONIFIED The window was iconified. \nWINDOW_LOST_FOCUS The window lost input focus. \nWINDOW_OPENED The window was opened. \nWINDOW_STATE_CHANGED The state of the window changed. \n \n JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 70 \n \n \n \n \n \nEVENT LISTENER INTERFACES \nWhen an event occurs, the event source invokes the appropriate method defined by the listener \nand provides an event object as its argument \nInterface Description \nActionListener Defines one method to receive action events."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 294e196a-dd43-4014-8617-b327421d219a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "AdjustmentListener Defines one method to receive adjustment events. \nComponentListener Defines four methods to recognize when a component is hidden, \nmoved, resized, or shown. \nContainerListener Defines two methods to recognize when a component is added to or \nremoved from a container. \nFocusListener Defines two methods to recognize when a component gains or losses \nkeyboard focus. \nItemListener Defines one method to recognize when the state of an item changes."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: f856933a-062c-47f9-93ed-070aa2e83f9a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "KeyListener Defines three methods to recognize when a key is pressed, released, \nor typed. \nMouseListener Defines five methods to recognize when the mouse is clicked, enters a \ncomponent, exits a component, is pressed, or is released. \nMouseMotionListener Defines two methods to recognize when the mouse is dragged or \nmoved. \nMouseWheelListener Defines one method to recognize when the mouse wheel is moved. \nTextListener Defines one method to recognize when a text value changes."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 08955810-8db1-411d-b190-340c10360dcd
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "WindowListener Defines seven methods to recognize when a window is activated, \nclosed, deactivated, deiconified, iconified, opened, or quit. \nThe delegation event model has two parts: sources and listeners. Listeners are created by \nimplementing one or more of the interfaces defined by the java.awt.event package. \nThe ActionListener Interface \nThis interface defines the actionPerformed( ) method that is invoked when an action event \noccurs."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 558971e9-677c-41ce-85ef-8ff2019fb01b
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "occurs. \nIts general form is shown here: void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae ) \nThe ItemListener Interface \nThis interface defines the itemStateChanged( ) method that is invoked when the state of an item \nchanges. \nIts general form is shown here: void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie ) \nThe KeyListener Interface \nThis interface defines three methods. The keyPressed( ) and keyReleased( ) methods are invoked \nwhen a key is pressed and released, respectively. The keyTyped( ) method is invoked"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 2fb1cc1c-f49c-44c4-9661-845891a04eb8
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "when a character has been entered. For example, if a user presses and releases the key, three \nevents are generated in A sequence: key pressed, typed, and released. \nThe general forms of these methods are shown here: \nvoid keyPressed(KeyEvent ke ) \nvoid keyReleased(KeyEvent ke ) \nvoid keyTyped(KeyEvent ke ) \n \n \n \n \n JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 71 \n \n \n \n \nThe MouseListener Interface \nThis interface defines five methods. If the mouse is pressed and released at the same point,"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 47fa78fd-b25f-445f-b686-7d381bb4fccd
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "mouseClicked( ) is invoked. When the mouse enters a component, the mouseEntered( ) method  \nis called. When it leaves, mouseExited(  ) is called. The mousePressed( ) and mouseReleased( )  \nmethods are invoked when the mouse is pressed and released, respectively. \nThe general forms of these methods are shown here: \nvoid mouseClicked(MouseEvent me )  \nvoid mouseEntered(MouseEvent me )  \nvoid mouseExited(MouseEvent me ) \nvoid mousePressed(MouseEvent me )  \nvoid mouseReleased(MouseEvent me )"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 0529ab13-47b7-4486-9792-9deb03fb2b1a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "void mouseReleased(MouseEvent me ) \n \n \nThe MouseMotionListener Interface \nThis interface defines two methods. The mouseDragged( ) method is called multiple times as the  \nmouse is dragged. The mouseMoved( ) method is called multiple times as the mouse is moved. \n \nTheir general forms are shown here: \nvoid mouseDragged(MouseEvent me ) \nvoid mouseMoved(MouseEvent me ) \nThe TextListener Interface \nThis interface defines the textChanged( ) method that is invoked when a change occurs in a text"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4001a634-c42c-4bcb-b8bf-932bcdc88d3e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "area or text field. \nIts general form is shown here: void textChanged(TextEvent te ) \n \nHandling Mouse Events \nTo handle mouse events, we must implement the MouseListener and the MouseMotion Listener \ninterfaces. \nEX: // Demonstrate the mouse event handlers. \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.awt.event.*; \nimport java.applet.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"MouseEvents\" width=300 height=100> \n</applet> \n*/ \npublic class MouseEvents extends Applet implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b3725348-f10c-4d19-8633-2ef6abc29709
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "{ String msg = \"\"; \nint mouseX = 0, mouseY = 0; // coordinates of mouse \npublic void init() { \naddMouseListener(this); \naddMouseMotionListener(this); \n}  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 72 \n \n \n// Handle mouse clicked. \npublic void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me) { \nmouseX = 0; // save coordinates \nmouseY = 10; \nmsg = \"Mouse clicked.\"; \nrepaint(); \n} \n// Handle mouse entered. \npublic void mouseEntered(MouseEvent me) { \n// save \ncoordinates \nmouseX = 0; \nmouseY = 10; \nmsg = \"Mouse entered.\"; \nrepaint(); \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: cc40989a-73e0-45fd-8c36-4e36a3b286f0
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "msg = \"Mouse entered.\"; \nrepaint(); \n} \n \n// Handle mouse exited. \npublic void mouseExited(MouseEvent me) { \n// save \ncoordinate \ns mouseX \n= 0; \nmouseY = \n10; \nmsg = \"Mouse exited.\"; \nrepaint(); \n} \n// Handle button pressed. \npublic void mousePressed(MouseEvent me) { \n// save coordinates \nmouseX = \nme.getX(); \nmouseY = \nme.getY(); msg = \n\"Down\"; repaint(); \n} \n// Handle button released. \npublic void mouseReleased(MouseEvent me) { \n1. save \ncoordinates \nmouseX = \nme.getX(); \nmouseY ="}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 395c6f58-7ae6-4ede-9685-fbc21a3ac53e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "coordinates \nmouseX = \nme.getX(); \nmouseY = \nme.getY(); msg \n= \"Up\"; \nrepaint(); \n}   \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 73 \n \n \n2. Handle mouse dragged. \npublic void mouseDragged(MouseEvent me) { \n1. save coordinates \nmouseX = \nme.getX(); \nmouseY = me.getY(); \nmsg = \"*\"; \nshowStatus(\"Dragging mouse at \" + mouseX + \", \" + mouseY); \nrepaint(); \n} \n// Handle mouse moved. \npublic void mouseMoved(MouseEvent me) { \n// show status \nshowStatus(\"Moving mouse at \" + me.getX() + \", \" + me.getY()); \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 42fe71c7-c1a2-4f03-9fc4-a4fb5fea8650
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \n// Display msg in applet window at current X,Y location. \npublic void paint(Graphics g) { \ng.drawString(msg, mouseX, mouseY); \n} \n} \nHandling Keyboard Events \nWhen a key is pressed, a KEY_PRESSED event is generated. This results in a call to the  \nkeyPressed( ) event handler. When the key is released, a KEY_RELEASED event is generated  \nand the keyReleased( ) handler is executed. If a character is generated by the keystroke, then a"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 6cf72155-2a55-4ae2-b043-64a28f03f54d
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "KEY_TYPED event is sent and the keyTyped( ) handler is invoked. \nThus, each time the user presses a key, at  least two and often three events are generated. If all  \nyou care about are actual characters, then you can ignore the information passed by the key press  \nand release events. \nEX: // Demonstrate the key event handlers. \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.awt.event.*; \nimport java.applet.*; \n/* <applet code=\"SimpleKey\" width=300 \nheight=100> </applet> */"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 72d63669-054f-4ce6-86fb-68caf2e241a6
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "height=100> </applet> */ \npublic class SimpleKey extends Applet implements KeyListener \n{ \nString msg = \"\"; \nint X = 10, Y = 20; // output coordinates \npublic void init() { \naddKeyListener(this); \nrequestFocus(); // request input focus \n} \npublic void keyPressed(KeyEvent ke)   \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 74 \n \n \n{ showStatus(\"Key Down\"); } \n \npublic void keyReleased(KeyEvent ke) { \nshowStatus(\"Key Up\"); \n \npublic void keyTyped(KeyEvent ke) { \nmsg += ke.getKeyChar(); \nrepaint(); \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 343e4554-8efd-424c-8664-144a275a5416
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "msg += ke.getKeyChar(); \nrepaint(); \n} \n// Display keystrokes. \npublic void paint(Graphics g) \n{ g.drawString(msg, X, Y); } \n \n} \nAdapter Classes \nJava provides a special feature, called an adapter class , that can simplify the creation of event \nhandlers in certain situations. An adapter class provides an empty implementation of all methods  \nin an event listener interface. \nAdapter classes are useful when you want to receive and process only some of the events that are"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: dc4f6bd1-ce50-461d-9209-385d0452c219
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "handled by a particular event listener interface. \nFor example, the MouseMotionAdapter class has two methods, mouseDragged( ) and \nmouseMoved( ) . The signatures of these empty methods are exactly as defined in the \nMouseMotionListener interface. If you were interested  in only mouse  drag events, then you  \ncould simply extend MouseMotionAdapter and implement mouseDragged( ) . The empty \nimplementation of mouseMoved( ) would handle the mouse motion events for you. \nAdapter Class"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 3c9b8a72-68e5-4035-9569-026c3d42af57
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Adapter Class \nComponentAdapter \nContainerAdapter \nFocusAdapter \nKeyAdapter \nMouseAdapter \nMouseMotionAdapter \nWindowAdapter \nListener Interface \nComponentListener \nContainerListener \nFocusListener \nKeyListener \nMouseListener \nMouseMotionListener \nWindowListener  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 75 \n \n \nEX: // Demonstrate an adapter. \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.awt.event.*; \nimport java.applet.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"AdapterDemo\" width=300 height=100> \n</applet> \n*/"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 731a2ef6-4f15-4403-963b-b73c75051798
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "</applet> \n*/ \npublic class AdapterDemo extends Applet \n{ \npublic void init() { \naddMouseListener(new MyMouseAdapter(this)); \naddMouseMotionListener(new \nMyMouseMotionAdapter(this)); } \n \nclass MyMouseAdapter extends MouseAdapter \n{ \nAdapterDemo adapterDemo; \npublic MyMouseAdapter(AdapterDemo adapterDemo) \n{ \nthis.adapterDemo = adapterDemo; \n} \n// Handle mouse clicked. \npublic void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me) { \nadapterDemo.showStatus(\"Mouse clicked\"); \n} \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b0430345-14fa-481e-a4d3-c64adc711be2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "adapterDemo.showStatus(\"Mouse clicked\"); \n} \n} \n \nclass MyMouseMotionAdapter extends \nMouseMotionAdapter { \nAdapterDemo adapterDemo; \npublic MyMouseMotionAdapter(AdapterDemo adapterDemo) \n{ \nthis.adapterDemo = adapterDemo; \n} \n// Handle mouse dragged. \npublic void mouseDragged(MouseEvent me) \n{ \nadapterDemo.showStatus(\"Mouse dragged\"); \n} \n} \n \nFiles and Streams: \nText stream classes for reading data Text stream classes for writing data  MRCET UNIT-IV JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: fff8bacd-f4dd-4b44-a874-11fa834be876
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 76 \n \n \n \nStream \nA stream can be defined as a sequence of data. There are two kinds of Streams \u2212 \n\uf02f\uf02f InPutStream \u2212 The InputStream is used to read data from a source. \n\uf02f\uf02f OutPutStream \u2212 The OutputStream is used for writing data to a destination. \n \n \n \n \nJava provides strong but flexible support for I/O related to files and networks. \nByte Streams \nJava byte streams are used to perform input and output of 8 -bit bytes. Though there are many"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 758d215c-87c4-45de-b2b7-a574c4c6f0fa
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "classes related to byte streams but the most frequently used classes are, FileInputStream and \nFileOutputStream. \nExample \nimport java.io.*; \npublic class CopyFile { \npublic static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { \nFileInputStream in = null; \nFileOutputStream out = null; \ntry { \nin = new FileInputStream(\"input.txt\"); \nout = new FileOutputStream(\"output.txt\"); \nint c; \nwhile ((c = in.read()) != -1) { \nout.write(c); \n} \n}finally { \nif (in != null) { \nin.close(); \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: ec37d758-c363-4ece-8683-8611f6b61a97
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \n}finally { \nif (in != null) { \nin.close(); \n} \nif (out != null) { \nout.close(); \n} } } } \nNow let's have a file input.txt with the following content: \nThis is test for copy file. \n$javac CopyFile.java \n$java CopyFile \nCharacter Streams \nJava Byte streams are used to perform input and output of  8-bit bytes, whereas \nJava Character streams are used to perform input and output for 16-bit unicode. Though \nthere are many classes related to character streams but the most frequently used classes"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 53206baf-2550-4231-824e-9e9ee4cb433f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "are, FileReader and FileWriter.  MRCET UNIT-IV JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 77 \n \n \n \nThough internally FileReader uses FileInputStream and FileWriter uses FileOutputStream but  \nhere the major difference is that FileReader reads two bytes at a time and FileWriter writes two  \nbytes at a time. \nExample \nimport java.io.*; \npublic class CopyFile { \npublic static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { \nFileReader in = null; \nFileWriter out = null; \ntry {"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: e1493954-f58c-4fcd-9f8f-2d055d6b9890
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "FileWriter out = null; \ntry { \nin = new FileReader(\"input.txt\"); \nout = new FileWriter(\"output.txt\"); \nint c; \nwhile ((c = in.read()) != -1) { \nout.write(c); \n} \n}finally { \nif (in != null) { \nin.close(); \n} \nif (out != null) { \nout.close(); \n} \n} \n} \n} \n \nReading and Writing Files Text input/output, \nAs described earlier, a stream can be defined as a sequence of data. The InputStream is used to \nread data from a source and the OutputStream is used for writing data to a destination. Here is"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 81d5ecb9-fe2d-4853-9f19-667b5d1807b2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "a hierarchy of classes to deal with Input and Output streams.  MRCET UNIT-IV JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 78 \n \n \n \nThe two important streams are FileInputStream and FileOutputStream (File Handling) \nIn Java, FileInputStream and FileOutputStream classes are used to read and write data in file. In \nanother words, they are used for file handling in java. \nJava FileOutputStream class"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 5e7467be-2cc3-45f0-92b7-06bd9ee71991
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Java FileOutputStream class \nJava FileOutputStream is an output stream for writing data to a file. It is a class belongs to byte \nstreams. It can be used to create text files. \n\uf0e0\uf020\nFirst we should read data from the keyword. It uses DataInputStream class for reading data from the \nkeyboard is as: \nDataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream(System.in); \n\uf0e0\uf020\nFileOutputStream used to send data to the file and attaching the file to FileOutputStream. i.e.,"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: a52a650a-79bb-4624-9d19-1900d8926d43
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "FileOutputStream fout=new FileOutputStream(\u201cFile_name\u201d); \n\uf0e0\uf020\nThe next step is to read data from DataInputStream and write it into FileOutputStream. It means read data \nfrom dis object and write it into fout object. i.e., \nch=(char)dis.read(); //read one character into ch \nfout.write(ch); //write ch into file. \n\uf0e0\uf020\nFinally closing the file using: fout.close(); \nCreating a Text file: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nExample: Write a program to read data from the keyboard and write it to myfile.txt file."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: fc8b6ddb-3840-487f-89fc-6ba05301ed25
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "import java.io.*; \nclass Test{ \npublic static void main(String args[]) \n{ \nDataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream(System.in); \nFileOutputstream fout=new \nFileOutputStream(\"myfile.txt\"); System.out.println(\"Enter \ntext @ at the end:\u201d); char ch; \nwhile((ch=(char)dis.read())!=\u201f@\u201f) \nfout.write(ch); \nfout.close(); \n} \n} \nOutput: javac Test.java \nJava Test  MRCET UNIT-IV JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 79 \n \n \n \nJava FileInputStream class"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 9962514c-37f7-45c9-8adf-a334df7d6a8d
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Java FileInputStream class \nIt is useful to read data from a file in the form of sequence of bytes. It is possible to read data \nfrom a text file using FileInputStream. i.e., \nFileInputStream fin= new FileInputStream(\u201cmyfile.txt\u201d); \n\uf031\uf02e\uf020\nTo read data from \nthe file is, ch=fin.read(); \nWhen there is no more data available to read then it returns -1. \n\uf0e0\uf020\nThe Output Stream is used to send data to the monitor. i.e., PrintStream, for displaying the data we can \nuse System.out."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 92df9133-8a14-40c6-aebd-4c162656c7b3
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "use System.out. \nSystem.out.print(ch); \nReading data from a text file using FileInputStream: \n \nJava FileInputStream class obtains input bytes from a file. It is used for reading streams of raw  \nbytes such as image data. It should be  used to read byte-oriented data for example to read image,  \naudio, video etc. \n \n \n \n \n \n \nExample: Write a program to read data from myfile.txt using FileInputStream and display \nit on monitor. \nimport java.io.*; \nclass ReadFile \n{"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: f3e132ad-6221-4fdb-b8cb-cd324367fb62
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "import java.io.*; \nclass ReadFile \n{ \npublic static void main(String args[]) \n{ \n \nFileInputStream fin=new FileInputStream(\"myfile.txt\"); \nSystem.out.println(\u201cFile Contents:\u201d); int ch; \nwhile((ch=fin.read())!=-1) \n{ \nSystem.out.println((char)ch); \n} \nfin.close(); \n} \n} \nOutput: javac ReadFile.java \njava ReadFile  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 80 \n \n \n \nUNIT V: \nGUI Programming with Java \u2013 AWT class hierarchy, component, container, panel,"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 8ffc9a3c-c48d-4892-a791-563f698f0834
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "window, frame, graphics. \nAWT controls: Labels, button, text field, check box, check box groups, choices, lists, \nscrollbars, and graphics. \nLayout Manager \u2013 Layout manager types: border, grid and flow. \nSwing \u2013 Introduction, limitations of AWT, Swing vs AWT. \n \nGUI PROGRAMMING WITH JAVA \nABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKIT (AWT) \nJava AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) is an API to develop GUI or window-based application \nin java. Java AWT components are platform-dependent i.e. components are displayed"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 12c51fa4-b43d-418d-bb63-90753edcb33e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "according to the view of operating system. AWT is heavyweight i.e. its components uses the  \nresources of system. The Abstract Window Toolkit(AWT) support for applets. The AWT \ncontains numerous classes and methods that allow you to create and manage windows. \nThe java.awt package provides classes for AWT api such as TextField, Label, TextArea, \nRadioButton, CheckBox, Choice, List etc. \nAWT Classes \nThe AWT classes are contained in the java.awt package. It is one of Java's largest packages."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b28d0c13-93be-4857-a010-955718e3f9c4
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Class Description \nAWTEvent Encapsulates AWT events. \nAWTEventMulticaster Dispatches events to multiple listeners. \nBorderLayout Border layouts use five components: \nNorth, South, East, West, and Center. \nCardLayout Card layouts emulate index cards. \nOnly the one on top is showing. \nCheckbox Creates a check box control. \nCheckboxGroup Creates a group of check box controls. \nCheckboxMenuItem Creates an on/off menu item. \nChoice Creates a pop-up list."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: e91b8a9a-7c6e-41d4-9ee6-352f621447a9
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Choice Creates a pop-up list. \nColor Manages colors in a portable, platform-independent fashion. \nComponent An abstract superclass for various AWT components. \nContainer A subclass of Component that can hold other components. \nCursor Encapsulates a bitmapped cursor. \nDialog Creates a dialog window. \nDimension Specifies the dimensions of an object. The width is stored in \nwidth , and the height is stored in height . \nEvent Encapsulates events."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 475dc070-c96a-40f2-8daa-794502fb71cd
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Event Encapsulates events. \nFlowLayout The flow layout manager. Flow layout positions components left \nto right, top to bottom. \nFrame Creates a standard window that has a title bar, resize corners, and \na menu bar. \nGraphics Encapsulates the graphics context.  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 81 \n \n \n \nControl Fundamentals \nThe AWT supports the following types of controls: \n3. Labels \n4. Push buttons \n5. Check boxes \n6. Choice lists \n7. Lists \n8. Scroll bars"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1528a821-f17d-471b-a7f9-a1020cc024d0
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "6. Choice lists \n7. Lists \n8. Scroll bars \n9. Text editing \n \nUser interaction with the program is of two types: \nCUI (Character User Interface): In CUI user interacts with the application by \ntyping characters or commands. In CUI user should remember the commands. It is \nnot user friendly. \n2. GUI (Graphical User Interface): In GUI user interacts with the application through graphics.  \nGUI is user friendly. GUI makes application attractive. It is possible to simulate real object in"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4dea7cf8-4e25-4ce1-9ccc-ddf4ba7b7301
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "GUI programs. In java to write GUI programs we can use awt (Abstract Window Toolkit)  \npackage. \n \nJava AWT Class Hierarchy \nThe hierarchy of Java AWT classes is given below. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nContainer \nThe Container is a component in AWT that can contain other components like buttons, textfields, \nlabels etc. The classes that extend Container class are known as container such as Frame, Dialog \nand Panel.  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 82"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 574f5a8e-f896-4750-a5cf-040ebce5fbcd
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 82 \n \n \n \nWindow \nThe window is the container that has no borders and menu bars. You must use frame, dialog or \nanother window for creating a window. \nPanel \nThe Panel is the container that doesn't contain title bar and menu bars. It can have other \ncomponents like button, textfield etc. \nFrame \nThe Frame is the container that contain title bar and can have menu bars. It can have other \ncomponents like button, textfield etc. \nUseful Methods of Component class"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: bfeb3194-b1cf-4d42-ad99-2176d280494a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Useful Methods of Component class \nMethod Description \npublic void add(Component c) inserts a component on this component. \npublic void setSize(int width,int height) sets the size(width and height) of the component. \npublic void setLayout(LayoutManager m) defines the layout manager for the component. \npublic void setVisible(boolean status) changes the visibility of the component, by \ndefault false. \nListeners and Listener Methods:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 971b7048-2263-42b9-a751-d00e7b2ffa54
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "default false. \nListeners and Listener Methods: \nListeners are available for components. A Listener is an interface that listens to an event from a  \ncomponent. Listeners are available in java.awt.event package . The methods in the listener  \ninterface are to be implemented, when using that listener. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nLayout Managers  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 83"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: cdb78c03-f1ff-48f7-aef2-14cc71b56597
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 83 \n \n \n \nA layout manager arranges the child components of a container. It positions and sets the size of  \ncomponents within the container's display area according to a particular layout scheme. \nThe layout manager's job is to fit the components into the available area , while maintaining the  \nproper spatial relationships between the components. AWT comes with a few standard layout"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c40172f9-4e9a-445b-aad5-91517d73c9dc
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "managers that will collectively handle most situations; you can make your own layout managers  \nif you have special requirements. \nLayoutManager at work \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nEvery container has a default layout manager ; therefore, when you make a new container, it  \ncomes with a LayoutManager object  of the appropriate type. You can install a new layout  \nmanager at  any time with the setLayout() method. Below, we  set the layout  manager of a  \ncontainer to a BorderLayout:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 34f769f3-e87d-4da6-bbd2-e670ee347aed
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "container to a BorderLayout: \nsetLayout ( new BorderLayout( ) ); \nEvery component determines three important pieces of information used by the layout manager  \nin placing and sizing it: a minimum size, a maximum size, and a preferred size. \nThese are reported by the getMinimumSize(), getMaximumSize(), and getPreferredSize(), \nmethods of Component, respectively. \nWhen a layout manager is called to arrange its components, it is working within a fixed area. It"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 707ae61c-e070-4075-813b-92ea872a9b8a
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "usually begins by looking at  its container's dimensions, and the preferred or  minimum sizes of  \nthe child components. \nLayout manager types \nFlow Layout \nFlowLayout is a simple layout manager that tries to arrange components with their preferred  \nsizes, from left to right and top to botto m in the display. A FlowLayout can have a specified  \njustification of LEFT, CENTER, or RIGHT, and a fixed horizontal and vertical padding."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: ae67f0e0-84d2-4094-af92-5feb35d8a967
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "By default, a flow layout uses CENTER justification, meaning that all components are centered  \nwithin the area allotted to them. FlowLayout is the default for Panel components like Applet.  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 84 \n \n \n \nThe following applet adds five buttons to the default FlowLayout. \nimport java.awt.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"Flow\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\"> \n</applet> \n*/ \npublic class Flow extends java.applet.Applet \n{ \npublic void init() \n{"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: d900aca9-554c-4197-8fb6-ec4c2c5b6a72
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "{ \npublic void init() \n{ \n//Default for Applet is FlowLayout \nadd( new Button(\"One\") ); \nadd( new Button(\"Two\") ); \nadd( new Button(\"Three\") ); \nadd( new Button(\"Four\") ); \nadd( new Button(\"Five\") ); \n} \n} \nIf the applet is small enough, some of the buttons spill over to a second or third row. \nGrid Layout \nGridLayout arranges components into regularly spaced rows and columns. The components  \nare arbitrarily resized to fit in the resulting areas; their minimum and preferred sizes are"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4cfaff33-2db0-4c10-a2f5-0406878655ab
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "consequently ignored. \nGridLayout is most useful for  arranging very regular,  identically sized  objects and for \nallocating space for Panels to hold other layouts in each region of the container. \nGridLayout takes the number of rows and columns in its construc tor. If you subsequently  \ngive it too many objects to manage,  it adds extra columns to  make the objects fit. You can also  \nset the number of rows or columns to zero, which means that you don't care how many elements"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 129a52d6-55be-401c-bb42-572f431969e4
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "the layout manager packs in that dimension. \nFor example, GridLayout(2,0) requests a layout with two rows and an unlimited number of \ncolumns; if you put ten components into this layout, you'll get two rows of five columns each.  \nThe following applet sets a GridLayout with three rows and two  columns as its layout  \nmanager; \nimport java.awt.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"Grid\" width=\"500\" \nheight=\"500\"> </applet> \n*/ \npublic class Grid extends java.applet.Applet \n{ \npublic void init() \n{"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: cad87b32-5910-4e25-9ea8-dd623b28abf2
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "{ \npublic void init() \n{ \nsetLayout( new GridLayout( 3, 2 ));  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 85 \n \n \n \nadd( new Button(\"One\") ); \nadd( new Button(\"Two\") ); \nadd( new Button(\"Three\") ); \nadd( new Button(\"Four\") ); \nadd( new Button(\"Five\") ); \n} \n} \n \nThe five buttons are laid out, in order, from left to right, top to bottom, with one empty spot. \nBorder Layout \nBorderLayout is a little more interesting. It tries to arrange objects in one of five geographical"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 380dbff8-08d2-4f16-98b7-2fa02fb5bfa5
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "locations: \"North,\" \"South,\" \"East,\" \"West,\" and \"Center,\" possibly with some padding between. \nBorderLayout is the default layout for Window and Frame objects. Because each \ncomponent is associated with a direction, BorderLayout can manage at most five components; it \nsquashes or stretches those components to fit its constraints. \nWhen we add a component to a border layout, we need to specify both the component and the"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 5a654016-969d-4ed1-a79b-79e128177708
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "position at which to add it. To do so, we use an overloaded version of the add() method that \ntakes an additional argument as a constraint. \nThe following applet sets a BorderLayout layout and adds our five buttons again, named for their \nlocations; \n \nimport java.awt.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"Border\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\"> \n</applet> \n*/ \npublic class Border extends java.applet.Applet \n{ \npublic void init() \n{ \nsetLayout( new java.awt.BorderLayout() );"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b153a7f9-e659-4c47-b684-4dfa9cfb88cb
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "{ \nsetLayout( new java.awt.BorderLayout() ); \nadd( new Button(\"North\"), \"North\" ); add( \nnew Button(\"East\"), \"East\" ); \nadd( new Button(\"South\"), \"South\" ); \nadd( new Button(\"West\"), \"West\" ); \nadd( new Button(\"Center\"), \"Center\" ); \n} \n} \n \nCompile: javac Border.java \nRun : appletviewer Border.java  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 86 \n \n \n \nJava AWT Example \nTo create simple awt example, you need a frame. There are two ways to create a frame in AWT."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 864cec4c-496b-4303-b257-bdc6c40b4272
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "// By extending Frame class (inheritance) \n2. By creating the object of Frame class (association) \nSimple example of AWT by inheritance \nimport java.awt.*; \nclass First extends Frame{ \nFirst(){ \nButton b=new Button(\"click me\"); \nb.setBounds(30,100,80,30);// setting button position \nadd(b);//adding button into frame \nsetSize(300,300);//frame size 300 width and 300 \nheight setLayout(null);//no layout manager \nsetVisible(true);//now frame will be visible }"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c666cf5f-eada-48f4-9e3d-bce664f3ce7c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "setVisible(true);//now frame will be visible } \n \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nFirst f=new First(); \n} \n} \nSimple example of AWT by association \nimport java.awt.*; \nclass First2{ \nFirst2(){ \nFrame f=new Frame(); \nButton b=new Button(\"click me\"); \nb.setBounds(30,50,80,30); \nf.add(b); \nf.setSize(300,300); \nf.setLayout(null); \nf.setVisible(true); \n} \npublic static void main(String args[]){ \nFirst2 f=new First2(); \n} \n}  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 87"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 2c7b4d8e-fb1e-4678-8a30-7c5615e37193
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 87 \n \n \n \nAWT controls \nLabels: \nThe easiest control to use is a label. A label is an object of type Label, and it contains a string, \nwhich it displays. Labels are passive controls that do not support any interaction with the user. \n// Demonstrate \nLabels import \njava.awt.*; import \njava.applet.*; /* \n<applet code=\"LabelDemo\" width=300 height=200> \n</applet> */ \npublic class LabelDemo extends Applet \n{ \npublic void init() \n{ \nLabel one = new Label(\"One\");"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4b771f54-447b-4dad-8c68-c62efb3145b4
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "{ \nLabel one = new Label(\"One\"); \nLabel two = new Label(\"Two\"); \nLabel three = new Label(\"Three\"); \nadd labels to applet window \nadd(one); \nadd(two); \nadd(three); \n} \n} \nButtons: \nThe most widely used control is the push button. A push button is a component that contains a \nlabel and that generates an event when it is pressed. Push buttons are objects of type Button. \nButton class is useful to create push buttons. A push button triggers a series of events."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "To create push button: Button b1 =new Button(\"label\"); \nTo get the label of the button: String l = b1.getLabel(); \nTo set the label of the button: b1.setLabel(\"label\"); \nTo get the label of the button clicked: String str = ae.getActionCommand(); \n\uf0b7\uf020\n\\{ Demonstrate Buttons \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.awt.event.*; \nimport java.applet.*; \n/* <applet code=\"ButtonDemo\" width=250 height=150> \n</applet> */ \n \npublic class ButtonDemo extends Applet implements ActionListener \n{ \nString msg = \"\";"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 68242f31-bb17-4b30-804c-149a6ed22bd1
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "{ \nString msg = \"\"; \nButton yes, no, maybe;  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 88 \n \n \n \npublic void init() \n{ \nyes = new Button(\"Yes\"); \nno = new Button(\"No\"); \nmaybe = new Button(\"Undecided\"); \nadd(yes); \nadd(no); \nadd(maybe); \nyes.addActionListener(this); \nno.addActionListener(this); \nmaybe.addActionListener(this); \n} \n \npublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) \n{ \nString str = ae.getActionCommand(); \nif(str.equals(\"Yes\")) \n{ \nmsg = \"You pressed Yes.\"; \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 65cd87b2-1778-43f1-87a4-e5f2527a718d
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "{ \nmsg = \"You pressed Yes.\"; \n} \nelse if(str.equals(\"No\")) \n{ \nmsg = \"You pressed No.\"; \n} \nelse \n{ \nmsg = \"You pressed Undecided.\"; \n} \nrepaint(); \n} \npublic void paint(Graphics g) \n{ \ng.drawString(msg, 6, 100); \n} \n} \n \nCheck Boxes: \nA check box is a control that is used to turn an option on or off. It consists of a small box that  \ncan either contain a check mark or not. There is a label associated with each check box that"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 44ac4597-0cfe-4b94-bb7e-d35d93b1de2b
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "describes what option the box represents. You change the  state of a check box by clicking on  \nit. Check boxes can be used individually or as part of a group. \n \n\\{  Demonstrate check boxes. \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.awt.event.*; \nimport java.applet.*;  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \n} \n} \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 89 \n \n \n \n/* \n<applet code=\"CheckboxDemo\" width=250 height=200> \n</applet> \n*/ \npublic class CheckboxDemo extends Applet implements ItemListener \n{ \nString msg = \"\";"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1eca23d6-ad16-4149-ae96-310e86421fe7
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "{ \nString msg = \"\"; \ncheckbox Win98, winNT, solaris, mac; \n \npublic void init() \n{ \nwin98 = new Checkbox(\"Windows 98/XP\", null, true); \nwinNT = new Checkbox(\"Windows NT/2000\"); \nsolaris = new Checkbox(\"Solaris\"); mac = new \nCheckbox(\"MacOS\"); \nadd(Win98); \nadd(winNT); \nadd(solaris); \nadd(mac); \nWin98.addItemListener(this); \nwinNT.addItemListener(this); \nsolaris.addItemListener(this); \nmac.addItemListener(this); \n} \npublic void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie) \n{ \nrepaint(); \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b688da2a-4076-41f1-908f-d57b566cc7e1
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "{ \nrepaint(); \n} \n// Display current state of the check boxes. \n \npublic void paint(Graphics g) \n{ \nmsg = \"Current state: \"; \ng.drawString(msg, 6, 80); \nmsg = \" Windows 98/XP: \" + Win98.getState(); \ng.drawString(msg, 6, 100); \nmsg = \" Windows NT/2000: \" + winNT.getState(); \ng.drawString(msg, 6, 120); \nmsg = \" Solaris: \" + solaris.getState(); \ng.drawString(msg, 6, 140); \nmsg = \" MacOS: \" + mac.getState(); \ng.drawString(msg, 6, 160);  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \n} \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: d40309bf-029d-4cb3-ac41-c8e0135232b3
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \n} \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 90 \n \n \n \nTextField: \nThe TextField class implements a single -line text-entry area, usually called an edit control.  \nText fields allow the user to enter strings and to edit the text using the arrow keys, cut  and \npaste keys, and mouse selections. \n// Demonstrate text field. \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport \njava.awt.event.*; \nimport java.applet.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"TextFieldDemo\" width=380 height=150> \n</applet> \n*/"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: a8c7e3bf-0134-4e78-bd58-44f9db0e1c4c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "</applet> \n*/ \npublic class TextFieldDemo extends Applet implements ActionListener \n{ \nTextField name, pass; \n \npublic void init() \n{ \nLabel namep = new Label(\"Name: \", Label.RIGHT); \nLabel passp = new Label(\"Password: \", Label.RIGHT); \nname = new TextField(12); \npass = new TextField(8); \npass.setEchoChar('?'); \nadd(namep); \nadd(name); \nadd(passp); \nadd(pass); \n// register to receive action events  \nname.addActionListener(this); \npass.addActionListener(this); \n} \n// User pressed Enter."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b43c6b6a-d94a-45d4-a7af-1bd04bbcab07
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \n// User pressed Enter. \npublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) \n{ \nrepaint(); \n} \npublic void paint(Graphics g) \n{ \ng.drawString(\"Name: \" + name.getText(), 6, 60); \ng.drawString(\"Selected text in name: \" + name.getSelectedText(), 6, 80); \ng.drawString(\"Password: \" + pass.getText(), 6, 100);  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 91 \n \n \n \nTextArea: \nSometimes a single line of text input is not enough for a given task. To handle these"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4eb91ec3-54e0-43a6-9805-3874a178f52a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "situations, the AWT includes a simple multiline editor called TextArea . \n \n\\{ Demonstrate \nTextArea. import \njava.awt.*; import \njava.applet.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"TextAreaDemo\" width=300 \nheight=250> </applet> \n*/ \npublic class TextAreaDemo extends Applet \n{ \npublic void init() \n{ \nString val = \"There are two ways of constructing \" + \"a software design. \\n\" + \"One way is to  \nmake it so simple \\n\" + \"that there are obviously no deficiencies. \\n\" + \"And the other way is to"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 57abbdfe-88ef-4310-a1cc-7262f89ec842
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "make it so complicated\\n\" + \"that there are no obvious deficiencies.\\n\\n\" + \" -C.A.R. Hoare\\n\\n\" \n+ \"There's an old story about the person who  wished\\n\" + \"his computer were as easy to  use as \nhis telephone. \\n\" + \"That wish has come true, \\n\" + \"since I no longer know how to use my  \ntelephone.\\n\\n\" + \" -Bjarne Stroustrup, AT&T, (inventor of C++)\"; \nTextArea text = new TextArea(val, 10, 30); \nadd(text); \n} \n} \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nCheckboxGroup"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 39023a42-62a6-4145-aded-5fdc0746aa5d
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \n} \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nCheckboxGroup \nIt is possible to create a set of mutually exclusive check boxes in which one and only one  \ncheck box in the group can be checked at any one time. These check boxes are often called  \nradio buttons. A Radio button represents a round shaped button such that only one can be  \nselected from a panel. Radio button can be created using CheckboxGroup class and \nCheckbox classes.  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 92 \n \n \nMRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 25e91a7d-e29c-43c0-9194-2fb1e6041d94
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \n \n\u00b7 To create a radio button: CheckboxGroup cbg = new CheckboxGroup (); \nCheckbox cb = new Checkbox (\"label\", cbg, true); \n\u00b7 To know the selected checkbox: Checkbox cb = cbg.getSelectedCheckbox (); \n\u00b7To know the selected checkbox label: String label = cbg.getSelectedCheckbox().getLabel (); \n \n\\{ Demonstrate check box group. \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.awt.event.*; \nimport java.applet.*; \n \n/* \n<applet code=\"CBGroup\" width=250 height=200>"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b75a2028-f892-4d63-89f1-9f5fba6f931f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "/* \n<applet code=\"CBGroup\" width=250 height=200> \n</applet> \n*/ \n \npublic class CBGroup extends Applet implements ItemListener \n{ \nString msg = \"\"; \nCheckbox Win98, winNT, solaris, mac; \nCheckboxGroup cbg; \npublic void init() { \ncbg = new CheckboxGroup(); \nWin98 = new Checkbox(\"Windows 98/XP\", cbg, true); \nwinNT = new Checkbox(\"Windows NT/2000\", cbg, false); \nsolaris = new Checkbox(\"Solaris\", cbg, false); mac = new \nCheckbox(\"MacOS\", cbg, false); \nadd(Win98); \nadd(winNT); \nadd(solaris);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: bcbe216f-754b-4388-8fcd-e97f7a8cfcfb
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "add(Win98); \nadd(winNT); \nadd(solaris); \nadd(mac); \nWin98.addItemListener(this); \nwinNT.addItemListener(this); \nsolaris.addItemListener(this); \nmac.addItemListener(this); \n} \npublic void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie) { \nrepaint(); \n} \n\\{ Display current state of the check \nboxes. public void paint(Graphics g) { \nmsg = \"Current selection: \"; \nmsg += cbg.getSelectedCheckbox().getLabel(); \ng.drawString(msg, 6, 100); \n} \n}  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page 93 \n \n \nMRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 908a813c-485a-4881-90b0-2e1f3db8ef2c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nChoice Controls \nThe Choice class is used to create a pop-up list of items from which the user may choose. \nThus, a Choice control is a form of menu. Choice menu is a popdown list of items. Only \none item can be selected. \n\u00b7 To create a choice menu: Choice ch = new Choice(); \n\u00b7 To add items to the choice menu: ch.add (\"text\"); \n\u00b7 To know the name of the item selected from the choice menu: \nString s = ch.getSelectedItem ();"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 97605636-36d5-4523-bfc2-13e512a32a36
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "String s = ch.getSelectedItem (); \n\u00b7 To know the index of the currently selected item: int i = ch.getSelectedIndex(); \nThis method returns -1, if nothing is selected. \n//Demonstrate Choice \nlists. import \njava.awt.*; import \njava.awt.event.*; \nimport java.applet.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"ChoiceDemo\" width=300 \nheight=180> </applet> \n*/ \npublic class ChoiceDemo extends Applet implements ItemListener \n{ Choice os, browser; \nString msg = \"\"; public \nvoid init() { os = new \nChoice(); browser = new"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: bfb5af38-9f3e-4b5c-b2bc-7e250594c989
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "void init() { os = new \nChoice(); browser = new \nChoice(); \n//add items to os list \nos.add(\"Windows 98/XP\"); \nos.add(\"Windows NT/2000\"); \nos.add(\"Solaris\"); \nos.add(\"MacOS\"); \n\\{ add items to browser list \nbrowser.add(\"Netscape 3.x\"); \nbrowser.add(\"Netscape 4.x\"); \nbrowser.add(\"Netscape 5.x\"); \nbrowser.add(\"Netscape 6.x\"); \nbrowser.add(\"Internet Explorer \n4.0\"); browser.add(\"Internet \nExplorer 5.0\"); \nbrowser.add(\"Internet Explorer \n6.0\"); browser.add(\"Lynx 2.4\");"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4d494019-2604-444a-9f1a-3b6a72c96397
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "6.0\"); browser.add(\"Lynx 2.4\"); \nbrowser.select(\"Netscape 4.x\"); \n\\{ add choice lists to \nwindow add(os); \nadd(browser); \n\\{ register to receive item \nevents \nos.addItemListener(this); \nbrowser.addItemListener( \nthis); \n}  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 94 \n \n \n \npublic void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie) { \nrepaint(); \n} \n// Display current selections. \npublic void paint(Graphics g) \n{ msg = \"Current OS: \"; \nmsg += os.getSelectedItem();"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 422e6c47-e76b-4b51-9b1f-267470112cd3
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "msg += os.getSelectedItem(); \ng.drawString(msg, 6, 120); \nmsg = \"Current Browser: \"; \nmsg += browser.getSelectedItem(); \ng.drawString(msg, 6, 140); \n} \n} \n \nLists \nThe List class provides a compact, multiple-choice, scrolling selection list. Unlike the Choice \nobject, which shows only the single selected item in the menu, a List object can be \nconstructed to show any number of choices in the visible window. It can also be created to"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 9dc30a2a-31e4-4e7b-bf69-bc8090b1cc2b
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "allow multiple selections. List provides these constructors: List( ) \nList(int numRows ) \nList(int numRows , boolean multipleSelect ) \nA List box is similar to a choice box, it allows the user to select multiple items. \n\u00b7 To create a list box: \n(or) \nList lst = new List(); \n \nList lst = new List (3, true); \nThis list box initially displays 3 items. The next parameter true represents that the user can"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 89994e49-1905-4369-841f-c64195a99e5a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "select more than one item from the available items. If it is false, then the user can select only \none item. \n= To add items to the list box: lst.add(\"text\"); \n= To get the selected items: String x[] = lst.getSelectedItems(); \n= To get the selected indexes: int x[] = lst.getSelectedIndexes (); \n//  Demonstrate Lists. \nimport java.awt.*; import \njava.awt.event.*; import \njava.applet.*; /* \n<applet code=\"ListDemo\" width=300 height=180> \n</applet> \n*/"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4c973ba8-ea12-4da7-8b3d-b71391b57aa3
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "</applet> \n*/ \npublic class ListDemo extends Applet implements ActionListener \n{ List os, browser; \nString msg = \"\"; \npublic void init() { os \n= new List(4, true);  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page 95 \n \n \n \nbrowser = new List(4, false); \n\\} add items to os list \nos.add(\"Windows 98/XP\"); \nos.add(\"Windows \nNT/2000\"); \nos.add(\"Solaris\"); \nos.add(\"MacOS\"); \n\\} add items to browser list \nbrowser.add(\"Netscape 3.x\"); \nbrowser.add(\"Netscape 4.x\");"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: ef1eda2b-e13d-4e29-9a99-1cc3c368157b
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "browser.add(\"Netscape 4.x\"); \nbrowser.add(\"Netscape 5.x\"); \nbrowser.add(\"Netscape 6.x\"); \nbrowser.add(\"Internet Explorer \n4.0\"); browser.add(\"Internet \nExplorer 5.0\"); \nbrowser.add(\"Internet Explorer \n6.0\"); browser.add(\"Lynx 2.4\"); \nbrowser.select(1); \n\\} add lists to window \nadd(os); \nadd(browser); \n//  register to receive action events \nos.addActionListener(this); \nbrowser.addActionListener(this); \n} \npublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) \n{ repaint(); \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 45794769-baa1-4c7d-868c-930ee68516b2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "{ repaint(); \n} \n//  Display current selections. \npublic void paint(Graphics g) \n{ \nint idx[]; \nmsg = \"Current OS: \"; \nidx = os.getSelectedIndexes(); \nfor(int i=0; i<idx.length; i++) \nmsg += os.getItem(idx[i]) + \" \"; \ng.drawString(msg, 6, 120); \nmsg = \"Current Browser: \"; \nmsg += browser.getSelectedItem(); \ng.drawString(msg, 6, 140); \n} \n} \nScroll Bars \nScroll bars are used to select continuous values between a specified minimum and maximum."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 748024df-fc28-4f5a-ba31-c54e16023ead
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Scroll bars may be oriented horizontally or vertically. Scrollbar class is useful to create \nscrollbars that can be attached to a frame or text area. Scrollbars can be arranged vertically or \nhorizontally.  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \n\\{ To create a scrollbar : Scrollbar sb = new Scrollbar (alignment, start, step, min, max); \nalignment: Scrollbar.VERTICAL, Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL \nstart: starting value (e.g. 0)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 0b493d00-4285-49a9-90aa-ddb218521d63
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "start: starting value (e.g. 0) \nstep: step value (e.g. 30) // represents scrollbar length \nmin: minimum value (e.g. 0) \nmax: maximum value (e.g. 300) \n\u00b7 To know the location of a scrollbar: int n = sb.getValue (); \n\u00b7 To update scrollbar position to a new position: sb.setValue (int position); \n\u00b7 To get the maximum value of the scrollbar: int x = sb.getMaximum (); \n\u00b7 To get the minimum value of the scrollbar: int x = sb.getMinimum ();"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "\u00b7 To get the alignment of the scrollbar: int x = getOrientation (); \nThis method return 0 if the scrollbar is aligned HORIZONTAL, 1 if aligned VERTICAL. \n// Demonstrate scroll bars. \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.awt.event.*; \nimport java.applet.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"SBDemo\" width=300 height=200> \n</applet> \n*/ \npublic class SBDemo extends Applet \nimplements AdjustmentListener, MouseMotionListener \n{ String msg = \"\"; \nScrollbar vertSB, horzSB; \npublic void init() {"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: ce330d0f-af53-4f04-8b81-4ead3d8cb204
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Scrollbar vertSB, horzSB; \npublic void init() { \nint width = Integer.parseInt(getParameter(\"width\")); int \nheight = Integer.parseInt(getParameter(\"height\")); \nvertSB = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.VERTICAL, 0, 1, 0, height); \nhorzSB = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL, 0, 1, 0, width); \nadd(vertSB); \nadd(horzSB); \n// register to receive adjustment events  \nvertSB.addAdjustmentListener(this); \nhorzSB.addAdjustmentListener(this); \naddMouseMotionListener(this); \n}"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c07e8661-fb61-44f9-baf4-f074beb07133
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "addMouseMotionListener(this); \n} \npublic void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent ae) { \nrepaint(); \n} \n// Update scroll bars to reflect mouse dragging.  \npublic void mouseDragged(MouseEvent me) { \nint x = me.getX(); \nint y = me.getY(); \nvertSB.setValue(y); \nhorzSB.setValue(x);  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \nrepaint(); \n} \n//  Necessary for MouseMotionListener \npublic void mouseMoved(MouseEvent me) { \n} \n//  Display current value of scroll bars."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 0129b04b-b2cf-4d96-806e-09d818ca7e9b
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \n//  Display current value of scroll bars. \npublic void paint(Graphics g) { \nmsg = \"Vertical: \" + vertSB.getValue(); \nmsg += \", Horizontal: \" + horzSB.getValue(); \ng.drawString(msg, 6, 160); \n\\} show current mouse drag position \ng.drawString(\"*\", horzSB.getValue(), \nvertSB.getValue()); \n} \n} \nGraphics \nThe AWT supports a rich assortment of graphics methods. All graphics are drawn relative to \na window. \nGraphics class and is obtained in two ways:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4a047d37-d102-466d-b0c2-1bf9e582fff4
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Graphics class and is obtained in two ways: \n\\}  It is passed to an applet when one of its various methods, such as paint( ) or update( ), \nis called. \n\\} It is returned by the getGraphics( ) method of Component. \nDrawing Lines \nLines are drawn by means of the drawLine( ) method, shown here: \nvoid drawLine(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY) \ndrawLine( ) displays a line in the current drawing color that begins at startX,startY and ends \nat endX,endY."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 0354b246-33e4-4fe2-8b01-96e32abdf6f9
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "at endX,endY. \nThe following applet draws several lines: \n//  Draw lines import \njava.awt.*; import \njava.applet.*; /* \n \n<applet code=\"Lines\" width=300 \nheight=200> </applet> \n*/ \npublic class Lines extends Applet \n{ public void paint(Graphics g) { \ng.drawLine(0, 0, 100, 100); \ng.drawLine(0, 100, 100, 0); \ng.drawLine(40, 25, 250, 180); \ng.drawLine(75, 90, 400, 400); \ng.drawLine(20, 150, 400, 40); \ng.drawLine(5, 290, 80, 19); \n} }  JAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \nDrawing Rectangles"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 91bf10ef-0a99-4761-9d78-c095683d0544
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Drawing Rectangles \nThe drawRect( ) and fillRect( ) methods display an outlined and filled rectangle, respectively. \nThey are shown here: \nvoid drawRect(int top, int left, int width, int height) \nvoid fillRect(int top, int left, int width, int height) \nThe upper-left corner of the rectangle is at top,left. The dimensions of the rectangle \nare specified by width and height. \nTo draw a rounded rectangle, use drawRoundRect( ) or fillRoundRect( ), both shown"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 535c19b6-b774-4e8a-b581-9c50be20be5b
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "here: void drawRoundRect(int top, int left, int width, int height,int xDiam, int yDiam) \nvoid fillRoundRect(int top, int left, int width, int height, int xDiam, int yDiam) \n// Draw rectangles \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.applet.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"Rectangles\" width=300 \nheight=200> </applet> \n*/ \npublic class Rectangles extends Applet { \npublic void paint(Graphics g) { \ng.drawRect(10, 10, 60, 50); g.fillRect(100, \n10, 60, 50); g.drawRoundRect(190, 10,"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 0234b023-9a9d-4809-b0bb-78aeeccb0e38
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "10, 60, 50); g.drawRoundRect(190, 10, \n60, 50, 15, 15); g.fillRoundRect(70, 90, \n140, 100, 30, 40); \n}} \nDrawing Ellipses and Circles \nTo draw an ellipse, use drawOval( ). To fill an ellipse, use fillOval( ). These methods \nare shown here: \nvoid drawOval(int top, int left, int width, int height) \nvoid fillOval(int top, int left, int width, int height) \n// Draw \nEllipses \nimport \njava.awt.* \n; import \njava.apple \nt.*; /* \n<applet code=\"Ellipses\" width=300 \nheight=200> </applet> \n*/"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 834367ad-2cb2-46bf-9761-a4cd0f62c5e3
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "height=200> </applet> \n*/ \npublic class Ellipses extends Applet \n{ public void paint(Graphics g) { \ng.drawOval(10, 10, 50, 50); \ng.fillOval(100, 10, 75, 50); \ng.drawOval(190, 10, 90, 30); \ng.fillOval(70, 90, 140, 100); \n} } \n \n JAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \nMRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nDrawing Arcs \nArcs can be drawn with drawArc( ) and fillArc( ), shown here: \nvoid drawArc(int top, int left, int width, int height, int startAngle,int sweepAngle)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 7956db10-eef9-43c0-96db-7476c8594782
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "void fillArc(int top, int left, int width, int height, int startAngle,int sweepAngle) \nThe arc is bounded by the rectangle whose upper-left corner is specified by top,left and whose \nwidth and height are specified by width and height. The arc is drawn from startAngle through  \nthe angular distance specified by sweepAngle. Angles are specified in degrees. \nZero degrees is on the horizontal, at the three o\u2019clock position. The arc is drawn"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: f4711f1a-02f6-45e1-b608-465d6f3bb2bd
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "counterclockwise if sweepAngle is positive, and clockwise if sweepAngle is negative. \nTherefore, to draw an arc from twelve o \u2019clock to six o \u2019clock, the start angle would be 90  \nand the sweep angle 180. \nDrawing Polygons \nIt is possible to draw arbitrarily shaped figures using drawPolygon( ) and fillPolygon( \n), shown here: \nvoid drawPolygon(int x[ ], int y[ ], int numPoints) \nvoid fillPolygon(int x[ ], int y[ ], int numPoints)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1e452763-8a86-4fd6-9b6b-a8a79ae24902
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "The polygon\u2019s endpoints are specified by the coordinate pairs contained within the x and y  \narrays. The number of points defined  by x and  y is  specified by numPoints. There are  \nalternative forms of these methods in which the polygon is specified by a Polygon object. \nThe following applet draws several arcs: \n//Draw Arcs import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"Arcs\" width=300 height=200> \n</applet> \n*/"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b65c87d5-526a-4e4a-9451-adb697e8cbce
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "</applet> \n*/ \npublic class Arcs extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawArc(10, 40, 70, 70, 0, 75); \ng.fillArc(100, 40, 70, 70, 0, 75); \ng.drawArc(10, 100, 70, 80, 0, 175); \ng.fillArc(100, 100, 70, 90, 0, 270); \ng.drawArc(200, 80, 80, 80, 0, 180);}} \nThe following applet draws an hourglass shape: \n// Draw Polygon import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"HourGlass\" width=230 height=210> \n</applet> \n*/"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 0e6c0724-61fb-4a75-9521-da0167cf8a14
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "</applet> \n*/ \npublic class HourGlass extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { \nint xpoints[] = {30, 200, 30, 200, 30}; \nint ypoints[] = {30, 30, 200, 200, 30}; int num = 5; g.drawPolygon(xpoints, ypoints, num); \n} \n \n MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \nSWINGS \nSwing is a set of classes that provides more powerful and flexible components than are  \npossible with the AWT. Swing is a GUI widget toolkit for Java. It is part of Oracle's Java"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: bb76e49a-9fd1-4002-917e-e0e4d905c5b9
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Foundation Classes (JFC) that is used to create window -based applications. It is built on  \nthe top of AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit) API and entirely written in java. \n \nIn addition to the familiar components, such as buttons, check boxes, and labels, Swing \nsupplies several exciting additions, including tabbed panes, scroll panes, trees, and tables. \nEven familiar components such as buttons have more capabilities in Swing. For example, a"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 68d0196d-6134-41ed-acc2-a089fd7ff7ce
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "button may have both an image and a text string associated with it. Also, the image can be \nchanged as the state of the button changes. \n \nUnlike AWT components, Swing components are not implemented by platform specific  \ncode. Instead, they are written entirely in Java and, therefore, are platform -independent. \nThe term lightweight is used to describe such elements. \n\uf0fc\uf020\nThe javax.swing package provides classes for java swing API such as JButton, JTextField, JTextArea,"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 25a2a63f-d4cf-4e18-b14d-e9a40ba2c3ca
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JRadioButton, JCheckbox, JMenu, JColorChooser etc. \n \nDifferences between AWT and Swing \n \nAWT Swing \nAWT components are called Heavyweight \ncomponent. \nSwings are called light weight component \nbecause swing components sits on the top of \nAWT components and do the work. \nAWT components are platform dependent. Swing components are made in purely java and \nthey are platform independent. \nAWT components require java.awt package. Swing \npackage. \ncomponents require javax.swing"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b91ab89e-c4f1-47e5-8d8f-732a54a2c744
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "package. \ncomponents require javax.swing \nAWT is a thin layer of code on top of the OS. Swing is much larger. Swing also has very \nmuch richer functionality. \nAWT stands for Abstract windows toolkit. Swing is also called as JFC\u2019s (Java Foundation \nclasses). \nThis feature is not supported in AWT. We can have different look and feel in Swing. \nUsing AWT, you have to implement a lot of \nthings yourself. \nSwing has them built in.  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 3bfa99f1-1ae2-4fbb-9dab-e06e57b6e613
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \n \nThe Swing component classes are: \nClass Description \nAbstractButton Abstract superclass for Swing buttons. \nButtonGroup Encapsulates a mutually exclusive set ofbuttons. \nImageIcon Encapsulates an icon. \nJApplet The Swing version of Applet. \nJButton The Swing push button class. \nJCheckBox The Swing check box class. \nJComboBox Encapsulates a combo box (combination of a drop-down list & text field). \nJLabel The Swing version of a label."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 678a46ec-6d54-4f38-9264-6b75b43eae73
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JLabel The Swing version of a label. \nJRadioButton The Swing version of a radio button. \nJScrollPane  Encapsulates a scrollable window. \nJTabbedPane Encapsulates a tabbed window. \nJTable Encapsulates a table-based control. \nJTextField The Swing version of a text field. \nJTree Encapsulates a tree-based control. \nHierarchy for Swing components: \nSwing has many advanced features like JTabel, \nJtabbed pane which is not available in AWT. \nAlso.Swing  components  are called"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 73b5d0c4-3fe4-4ca3-9961-9c96c076dba4
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Also.Swing  components  are called \n\"lightweight\" because they do not require a \nnative OS object to implement their \nfunctionality. JDialog and JFrame  are \nheavyweight, because they do have a peer. So \ncomponents like JButton, JTextArea, etc., are \nlightweight because they do not have an OS \npeer. \nThis feature is not available in AWT.  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \nJApplet"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \nJApplet \nFundamental to Swing is the JApplet class, which extends Applet. Applets that use Swing must \nbe subclasses of JApplet. JApplet is rich with functionality that is not foundin Applet. \nThe content pane can be obtained via the method shown here: \nContainer getContentPane( ) \nThe add( ) method of Container can be used to add a component to a content pane. Its form is \nshown here: \nvoid add(comp) \nHere, comp is the component to be added to the content pane."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: d18c7b00-5b26-428f-bae7-59e5190267eb
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JFrame \nCreate an object to JFrame: JFrame ob = new JFrame (\"title\"); (or) \nCreate a class as subclass to JFrame class: MyFrame extends JFrame \nCreate an object to that class : MyFrame ob = new MyFrame (); \nExample: Write a program to create a frame by creating an object to JFrame \nclass. //A swing Frame \nimport javax.swing.*; \nclass MyFrame \n{ \npublic static void main (String agrs[]) \n{ JFrame jf = new JFrame (\"My Swing Frame...\"); \njf.setSize (400,200); \njf.setVisible (true);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4b78073c-5605-4ecd-9d53-89ac59f6bd58
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "jf.setSize (400,200); \njf.setVisible (true); \njf.setDefaultCloseOperation (JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); \n} \n} \n \nNote: To close the frame, we can take the help of getDefaultCloseOperation () method of \nJFrame class, as shown here: getDefaultCloseOperation (constant); \nwhere the constant can be any one of the following: \n\u25fc JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE: This closes the application upon clicking on close button. \n\u25fc JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE: This disposes the present frame which is visible on"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "the screen. The JVM may also terminate. \n\u25fc JFrame.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE: This will not perform any operation upon clicking \non close button. \n\u25fc JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE: This hides the frame upon clicking on close button. \n \nWindow Panes: In swings the components are attached to the window panes only. A window  \npane represents a free area of a window where some text or components can be displayed. For  \nexample, we can create a frame using JFrame class in javax.swing which contains a free area"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "inside it, this free area is called 'window pane'. Four types of window panes are available in  \njavax.swing package.  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \nGlass Pane: This is the first pane and is very close to the monit ors screen. Any components to \nbe displayed in the foreground are attached to this glass pane. To reach this glass pane, we use  \ngetGlassPane () method of JFrame class."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: bd145ae4-f8e5-4b79-b514-c00b518acb69
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "getGlassPane () method of JFrame class. \nRoot Pane: This pane  is below the glass pane.  Any components to  be displayed  in the \nbackground are displayed in this pane. Root pane and glass pane are used in animations also. \nFor example, suppose we want to display a flying aeroplane in the sky. The aeroplane can be  \ndisplayed as a .gif or .jpg file in the glass pane where as the blue sky can  be displayed in the root"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 32fa1098-af63-4de1-bf85-3330ea50aced
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "pane in the background. To reach this root pane, we use getRootPane () method of JFrame class. \nLayered Pane: This pane lies below the root pane. When we want to take several components \nas a group, we attach them in the layered pane. We can reach this pane by calling \ngetLayeredPane () method of JFrame class. \nContent Pane: This is the bottom most pane of all. Individual components are attached to this \npane. To reach this pane, we can call getContentPane () method of JFrame class."}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: da288b9e-9a93-4311-8e03-07e908d3db38
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Displaying Text in the Frame: \npaintComponent (Graphics g) method of JPanel class is used to paint the portion of a component  \nin swing. We should override this method in our class. In the following example, we are writing  \nour class MyPanel as a subclass to JPanel and override the painComponent () method. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nWrite a program to display text in the frame \nimport javax.swing.*; \nimport java.awt.*; \nclass MyPanel extends JPanel"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c626ac31-228a-4c46-9641-2bffe73047bf
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "import java.awt.*; \nclass MyPanel extends JPanel \n{ public void paintComponent (Graphics g) \n{ super.paintComponent (g); //call JPanel\u2019s method \nsetBackground (Color.red); \ng.setColor (Color.white); \ng.setFont (new Font(\"Courier New\",Font.BOLD,30));  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \nrawString (\"Hello Readers!\", 50, 100); \n} \n} \nclass FrameDemo extends JFrame \n{ FrameDemo () \n{ \nContainer c = getContentPane (); \nMyPanel mp = new MyPanel (); \nc.add (mp);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 95c4d066-cd05-4911-84e0-1ead6ede020c
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "MyPanel mp = new MyPanel (); \nc.add (mp); \nsetDefaultCloseOperation (JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); \n} \npublic static void main(String args[]) \n{ FrameDemo ob = new FrameDemo (); \nob.setSize (600, 200); \nob.setVisible (true); \n} \n} \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nTEXT FIELDS \nThe Swing text field is encapsulated by the JTextComponent class, which extends JComponent. \nIt provides functionality that is common to Swing text components. One of its subclasses is"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 02591d62-12f7-490a-b386-08a56bcc5396
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JTextField, which allows you to edit one line of text. Some of its constructors are shown here: \nJTextField( ) \nJTextField(int cols) \nJTextField(String s, int cols) \nJTextField(String s) \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport javax.swing.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"JTextFieldDemo\" width=300 height=50>  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \n</applet> \n*/ \npublic class JTextFieldDemo extends JApplet { \nJTextField jtf; \npublic void init() \n{ \n// Get content pane"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 7dbeb285-a7ac-40ba-a873-09d981bac41a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "public void init() \n{ \n// Get content pane \nContainer contentPane = getContentPane(); \ncontentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); \n// Add text field to content \npane jtf = new \nJTextField(15); \ncontentPane.add(jtf); \n} \n} \n \n \n \nBUTTONS \nSwing buttons provide features that are not found in the Button class defined by the AWT. For  \nexample, you can associate an icon with a Swing button. Swing buttons are subclasses of the"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: a02e1954-f045-4bb8-be48-6ea5aee91c73
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "AbstractButton class, which exte nds JComponent. AbstractButton contains many methods that  \nallow you to control the behavior of buttons, check boxes, and radio buttons. \nThe JButton Class \nThe JButton class provides the functionality of a push button. JButton allows an icon, a string, or \nboth to be associated with the push button. Some of its constructors are shown here: \n\u00b7 To create a JButton with text: JButton b = new JButton (\u201cOK\u201d);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1837a9cd-76d6-41ca-86ca-cb733c1571bd
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "\u00b7 To create a JButton with image: JButton b = new JButton (ImageIcon ii); \n\u00b7 To create a JButton with text & image: JButton b = new JButton (\u201cOK\u201d, ImageIcon ii); \nIt is possible to create components in swing with images on it. The image is specified by \nImageIcon class object. \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.awt.event.*; \nimport javax.swing.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"JButtonDemo\" width=250 height=300> \n</applet> \n*/ \npublic class JButtonDemo extends JApplet implements ActionListener {"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: a801e2fb-eee2-42eb-97a5-6fccd2b09a84
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JTextField jtf; \npublic void init() { \n// Get content pane \nContainer contentPane = getContentPane(); \ncontentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); \n// Add buttons to content pane  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \nImageIcon france = new ImageIcon(\"france.gif\"); \nJButton jb = new JButton(france); \njb.setActionCommand(\"France\"); \njb.addActionListener(this); contentPane.add(jb); \n \nImageIcon germany = new ImageIcon(\"germany.gif\"); \njb = new JButton(germany);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 2a68cad1-146b-4054-b5a6-265e3f0be248
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "jb = new JButton(germany); \njb.setActionCommand(\"Germany\"); \njb.addActionListener(this); \ncontentPane.add(jb); \nImageIcon italy = new ImageIcon(\"italy.gif\"); \njb = new JButton(italy); \njb.setActionCommand(\"Italy\"); \njb.addActionListener(this); \ncontentPane.add(jb); \nImageIcon japan = new ImageIcon(\"japan.gif\"); \njb = new JButton(japan); \njb.setActionCommand(\"Japan\"); \njb.addActionListener(this); \ncontentPane.add(jb); \n// Add text field to \ncontent pane jtf = new \nJTextField(15);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 639c94be-1e59-48a0-9189-fb5d7ce673c2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "content pane jtf = new \nJTextField(15); \ncontentPane.add(jtf); \n} \npublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) \n{ jtf.setText(ae.getActionCommand()); \n} \n} \nCHECK BOXES \nThe JCheckBox class, which provides the functionality of a check box, is a concrete \nimplementation of AbstractButton. Its immediate superclass is JToggleButton, which provides  \nsupport for two-state buttons. Some of its constructors are shown here: \nJCheckBox(Icon i) \nJCheckBox(Icon i, boolean state) \nJCheckBox(String s)"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: a9c599e0-ba46-47f8-9052-81559b7b64d3
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JCheckBox(String s) \nJCheckBox(String s, boolean state) \nJCheckBox(String s, Icon i) \nJCheckBox(String s, Icon i, boolean state) \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.awt.event.*; \nimport javax.swing.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"JCheckBoxDemo\" width=400 height=50> \n</applet> \n*/  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \npublic class JCheckBoxDemo extends JApplet implements ItemListener { \nJTextField jtf; \npublic void init() \n{ \n// Get content pane"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: e59ac25a-b9cc-4b55-8fdf-d92e049dffd6
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "public void init() \n{ \n// Get content pane \nContainer contentPane = getContentPane(); \ncontentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); \n// Create icons \nImageIcon normal = new ImageIcon(\"normal.gif\"); \nImageIcon rollover = new ImageIcon(\"rollover.gif\"); \nImageIcon selected = new ImageIcon(\"selected.gif\"); \n// Add check boxes to the content pane \nJCheckBox cb = new JCheckBox(\"C\", normal); \ncb.setRolloverIcon(rollover); \ncb.setSelectedIcon(selected); \ncb.addItemListener(this); contentPane.add(cb);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: d59eb18d-4dd7-41dc-a5ee-d8617b148b75
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "cb.addItemListener(this); contentPane.add(cb); \n \ncb = new JCheckBox(\"C++\", \nnormal); cb.setRolloverIcon(rollover); \ncb.setSelectedIcon(selected); \ncb.addItemListener(this); \ncontentPane.add(cb); \ncb = new JCheckBox(\"Java\", normal); \ncb.setRolloverIcon(rollover); \ncb.setSelectedIcon(selected); \ncb.addItemListener(this); \ncontentPane.add(cb); \ncb = new JCheckBox(\"Perl\", normal); \ncb.setRolloverIcon(rollover); \ncb.setSelectedIcon(selected); \ncb.addItemListener(this); \ncontentPane.add(cb);"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 296330e5-8115-4ee6-b834-f9d0bd74c518
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "cb.addItemListener(this); \ncontentPane.add(cb); \n// Add text field to the content pane \njtf = new JTextField(15); \ncontentPane.add(jtf); \n} \npublic void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie) { \nJCheckBox cb = (JCheckBox)ie.getItem(); \njtf.setText(cb.getText()); \n} \n} \n \nRADIO BUTTONS \nRadio buttons are supported by the JRadioButton class, which is a concrete implementation of \nAbstractButton. Its immediate superclass is JToggleButton, which provides support for two-"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: e52fbc99-54f6-459f-a88e-56e83044d6e7
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "state buttons. Some of its constructors are shown here:  MRCET UNIT-V JP NOTES III B.TCH. I SEM \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page \n \n \n \nJRadioButton(Icon i) \nJRadioButton(Icon i, boolean state) \nJRadioButton(String s) \nJRadioButton(String s, boolean state) \nJRadioButton(String s, Icon i) \nJRadioButton(String s, Icon i, boolean state) \nimport java.awt.*; \nimport java.awt.event.*; \nimport javax.swing.*; \n/* \n<applet code=\"JRadioButtonDemo\" width=300 height=50> \n</applet> \n*/"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: e28c5671-661e-4e3c-87d6-c5019600f2a4
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "</applet> \n*/ \npublic class JRadioButtonDemo extends JApplet implements ActionListener { \nJTextField tf; \npublic void init() { \n// Get content pane \nContainer contentPane = getContentPane(); \ncontentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); \n1. Add radio buttons to content pane \nJRadioButton b1 = new JRadioButton(\"A\"); \nb1.addActionListener(this); \ncontentPane.add(b1); \nJRadioButton b2 = new JRadioButton(\"B\"); \nb2.addActionListener(this); \ncontentPane.add(b2); \nJRadioButton b3 = new JRadioButton(\"C\");"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: edde86a9-0cd9-4dd8-a673-398c2a1793aa
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "JRadioButton b3 = new JRadioButton(\"C\"); \nb3.addActionListener(this); \ncontentPane.add(b3); \n2. Define a button group \nButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup(); \nbg.add(b1); \nbg.add(b2); \nbg.add(b3); \n// Create a text field and add it \n// to the content pane \ntf = new JTextField(5); \ncontentPane.add(tf); \n} \npublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { \ntf.setText(ae.getActionCommand()); \n} \n}   \nLimitations of AWT:"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: e657a508-a237-474f-a6f4-f457fb8663f8
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "} \n}   \nLimitations of AWT: \nThe AWT defines a basic set of controls, windows, and dialog boxes that support a usable, but limited graphical  \ninterface. One reason for the limited nature of the  AWT is that  it translates its various visual comp onents into \ntheir corresponding, platform -specific equivalents or peers. This means that the look and feel of a component is  \ndefined by the platform, not by java. Because the AWT components use native code resources, they are referred"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 54f1dd88-ed15-4c21-b749-acf49b3f78d5
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "to as heavy weight. \nThe use of native peers led to several problems. \nFirst, because of variations between operating systems, a component might look, or even act, differently on  \ndifferent platforms. This variability threatened java\u2019s philosophy: write once, run anywhere. \nSecond, the look and feel of each component was fixed and could not be changed. Third, the use of heavyweight"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:33:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: e554c11f-1c00-44c6-b9cf-71d3e81fb4b2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "928", "lesson_id": "1208", "content_id": "1766", "file_name": "Java_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "components caused some frustrating restrictions. Due to these limitations Swing came and was integrated to java.  \nSwing is built on the AWT. Two ke y Swing features are: Swing components are light weight, Swing supports a  \npluggable look and feel. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nJAVA PROGRAMMING Page"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 15f3c8ae-d988-448a-8f8f-c50f84451e16
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "in this issue \nMESSAGES \nFEATURED ARTICLES \nCartographic animation: potential and research issues \nDori.;; Karl \nVisua li.ling uncertain information \nAla11 M. MacEachre11 \nBOOK REVIEWS \n'vtaltman, A. \nGeologicnl Maps \nrt'Pll'1 tWf /Jy Nor111a11 Meek \nMaguire, D.J., M.F. Goodc hild , and D.W. Rhind (eds.) \nGcograpilical i11for111atio11 systems: principles a11d applications \nn\u2022\u00b7uicwed /Jy E. Ly1111 Usery \nCARTOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES ON THE NEWS \nLA \u00b7DsA T Update \nRECENT PUBLICATIONS \nANNOUNCEMENTS"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1ef45119-b937-425b-86b7-ebac40befb42
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "RECENT PUBLICATIONS \nANNOUNCEMENTS \nCARTOGRAPHIC EVENTS \nNACIS NEWS \nNACIS XII PROGRAM AND CONFERENCE SCHEDULE \n1 \n3 \n10 \n20 \n21 \n22 \n23 \n25 \n26 \n27 \n31 \nmessages \nMESSAGE FROM NACIS XII \nPROGRAM CHAIR \nThe Twelfth Annual Meeting of \nACIS will be held October 14 - 17 \nin St. Paul, Minnesota. As always \nthe NACIS Confer ence will \nprovide an open and professional \natmosphere for the exchange of \ninformation and ideas for all who \nare interested in maps and cartog\u00ad\nraphy. This year's program"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: c4d25acc-ee82-4550-b6c2-ee1eb668a278
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "raphy. This year's program \npromises to be quite exciting. \nHighlights include addresses by \nthe dean of American cartography, \nArthur H. Robinson, and John \nFraser Hart , former president of \nthe Association of American \nGeog rapher s. \nThe latest research develop\u00ad\nments in cartography, most \nnotably in the areas of animated \nmapping, cognitive cartography, \ncartographic education, and map \nlibrarianship will be presented. \nOther sessions wi ll explore recent \ndevelopments in softwa re and"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 2f4570ee-0caf-479b-9515-f692e47be448
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "developments in softwa re and \nhardwar e for cartogra phic produc\u00ad\ntion, federal mapping initiatives, \nand map library services and \naccess. In addition, this year \nACIS will be sponso ring a series \nof \"hands-on\" workshops on \nanimation in cartog raphy and \nthematic map design using the PC.  cartograpllic perspectives \nbulletin of the \nNorth American Cartographic \nInformation Society \nEditor: \nSona Karentz Andrews \nDepartment of Geography \n208 Sabin Hall \n3414 N. Downer Avenue"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: fda97317-df4f-4aab-931f-73cb9db4bf53
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "208 Sabin Hall \n3414 N. Downer Avenue \nUniv. of Wisconsin-Mihvaukee \nMilwaukee, WI 53211 \n(414) 229-4872, \ne-mai l: sona@csd4.csd.uwm.edu. \nAssistant Editor \nDavid W. Tilton \nDepartment of Geography \nUniv. of Wisconsin-Milwaukee \nMilwaukee, WI 53211 \ne-mail: \ntilton@convex.csd.uwm .edu. \nCopy editor \nMark Zi111111ennan11 \nISSN 1048-9085 \nC1rtographic Perspectives \nis published triannually \nSeveral field trips are also planned \nto familiari ze conference partici\u00ad\npants with the Twin Cities and"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 4cabce2c-75b5-4df7-9af1-590218cfda17
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "pants with the Twin Cities and \ntheir cartographic centers. NACIS \nmembers should have recently \nreceived (or shortly will receive) \ninformation and a registration \nform for the meeting . We have \nalso publi shed a preliminary \nconfer ence schedule on pages 31 -\n33 in this issue of CP. Do not \nhesitate to conta ct me if you have \nany questions or wish to receive \nadditional inform ation and \nregistration material. \nJeffrey C. Patton \nProgrn111 Chair NACIS XTI \nDepart111e11t of Geogrnphy"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 415bd167-27ba-408e-87ab-aa8344c6800b
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Depart111e11t of Geogrnphy \nUniversity of North Carolina -\nGreensboro \nGreensboro, NC 27412 \nMESSAGE FROM THE EDITOR \nThis issue mark s some changes for \nCartographic Perspectives. Although \nthe design and overa ll look of the \npublication remain the same (at \nleast I hope it does when it goes to \npress), there have been som e \nsignificant changes. One of these \nis a change in editorship of the \njournal. David DiBiase, who had \nserved as edi tor of CP since its first"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 3f573038-c099-4ba4-a33b-ce685120a18f
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "served as edi tor of CP since its first \nissue in March of 1989, comple ted \nhis tenure as edi tor with issue No. \n12 (now know n as the \"white \nissue\"). I know I speak for every \nACIS member in thanking Dave \nfor making CP a journal of high \nquality in both its content and \ndesign. I personally app reciate his \nassistance in making the editorial \ntransition go smoothly. Many of \nthe contributions in this current \nissue were initiated, and in some \ncases already completed for me, by"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 3b8bb747-6e3d-4a55-814e-0d8f195b3724
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "cases already completed for me, by \nDave and his staff at Penn State. l \ncan only hope that we can con\u00ad\ntinue to produce a publication of \nequa l quality. \nAnothe r n otab le change marked \nby this issue is that instead of a \nsing le Featured Article, this issue \nhas two Featured Articles. It is my \nhope , and that of the Editorial \nBoard, that this precedent contin\u00ad\nues and that the cartographic \ncommunity benefit from the \nincreased scholarly contribution \nthat CP can make. We wish to"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: b70a205a-f909-4a41-82d1-fcd35791d7d4
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "that CP can make. We wish to \nencourage submission of manu \u00ad\nscripts as well as all other items of \ninterest for publication consider\u00ad\nation. Guidelines for papers and \nsubmissions appear at the end of \nthis issue. \nWe will be publishing CP three \ntimes per year . We have targeted a \nFall, Winter , and Spring publica\u00ad\ntion schedule . This issue (Number \n13, Fall 1992) has important \ninformation about NACIS XII. \nThe meeting will be held in St. \nPaul, Minnesota from October 14 -"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: ba66243e-25e7-4e6f-8f4a-b2f8d52505e4
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "Paul, Minnesota from October 14 -\n17. ACIS members should have \nalready received (or shor tly will \nreceive) a confe rence schedu le \nprogram and registration forms, \nhowever, we have also included \nthis information on pages 31 - 33 of \nthis issue. You shou ld note that \nNACIS is conduc ting three work\u00ad\nshops this year: Macintosh Anima\u00ad\ntion, IBM Animation , and Map \nProduct ion and Design These \nworkshops will provide an excel\u00ad\nlent oppor tunit y to get hand s-on"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: cdcf9e93-e789-4bb6-9419-652c8f161b83
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "lent oppor tunit y to get hand s-on \nexposure to some of the new and \nexciting techniques that are \nchangi ng the way we conceive, \nstore, and use maps. I urge \nanyone that can take advantage of \nthese workshops to do so. \nFinally, I would like to encou r\u00ad\nage each of you to let us know if \nyou have suggestions for improv\u00ad\ning the quality and content of CP. \nYour input will be grea tly appreci\u00ad\nated and not ignored. I look \nforward to serving as editor and \nhope that the information we"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 1c148a09-44ca-493d-82d9-ba71733bda8b
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "hope that the information we \nprovide through CP is interesting, \ninformative, and beneficial. \nSona Karentz Andrews \na passing \nOn June 7, in Chicago, Illin ois, \nBarbara Bartz Petchenik died of \ncancer at the age of 52. Barbara \nwas a member of ACIS and \nthroughout her professional career \nBarbara integrated scholarly \nresearch interests in the nature of \nspatia l knm\u00b7vledge and map ping \nparticipation in comme rcial \ncartography. \nBarbara was a Senior Sales"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 615a1260-487b-4700-9ffb-6062edc72e15
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "cartography. \nBarbara was a Senior Sales \nRepresentative for R.R. Donnelley \nCartographic Serv ices, Mapping \nServices Division since 1975. From \n1970 to 1975 she was Cartographic \nEditor of the Atlas of Early Ameri\u00ad\ncan History, and from 1964 to 1970 \nwas Cartographic Editor and Staff \nConsultant in Research and Design \nfor World Book \u00a311cyclopedia. She \nco11ti1111ed 011 page 25  Number 13, Fall 1992 cartographic perspectives 3 \nfeatured articles"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 20414b88-1f12-47be-af59-461748cc14b2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "featured articles \nThe potential of computer animation has been realized in many differ\u00ad\nent disciplines. Animation is also a powerful visualization tool for \ncartography; however , it has been neglected until recently. This paper \nportrays the need for animation in cartography in the light of the new \napproaches and methods in the sciences as well as in society. It dis\u00ad\ncusses two main reasons for the lack of animation in cartography: the"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 2a8c498d-2a54-402d-b768-6bbbbcc6acd3
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "fixation on the printed map and the absence of a comprehensive ap\u00ad\nproach to cartographic animation. Finally, a variety of issues for further \nresearch are proposed. \nC \nomputer animatio n has become an important visualization tool in \nrecent years. Improvement s in computer hardware and software \nhave made the widespread use of computer animation possible. The \npotential of computer animation has already been realized by different"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 481c4091-3893-43dc-983c-29257f410d20
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "disciplines, for example the film industry, architecture, fashion design and \nthe sciences. \nComputer animation also has many potential uses in cartography. It \nallows the creation of map sequences that can show spatial information \ndynamically. Animated map seque nces can depict time directly as a \ncartographic variable, they can depict information mapped in different \nways; and they can present the map objects in a particular sequence. But"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 0336da37-5244-4273-b010-e1ce3fad3bbd
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "do we rea lly need this sort of information display? Can animation really \nshow more than the presentation forms we already have, or is animation \nonly a toy for cartograp hers ? To answer this, vve need to examine the \nmodern approaches and method s in the sciences as well as in society. \nSpatial science has changed from the analysis of static states to the study \nof processes. Researchers are no longer int erested in stud ying only static"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 213bae1a-2f34-4f38-ad24-ad33c759b261
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "situatio ns; they are more concerned with changes and forces that induce \nor cause different states . Maps are an important tool for spa tial scientist s. \nThe static map , how ever, is not able to show processes directly. Of course, \ncartographer s have developed different methods for depicting changes, \nbut all of these methods reduce the dynamic aspects of reality to static \nstates that can hardly show the changes that take place. Cartographic"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 54cf6b8d-184f-4637-9492-9de9af4e5f73
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "animation can do more by makin g the dynamic aspect of spatial changes \nvisible to the map user. Processes become more transparent using anima\u00ad\ntion for their visualization. \nSpatial science has also been influ enced by sys tem theory. Scientific \ninvestigat ions are no longer concerned only with isolated phenomena; \nthey examine particularly the relationships and correlations of different \nphenomena. Scientists need a representation form that can show all the"}


created_at: 2026-04-08 05:40:50
topic: persistent://default/default/dee56c3c-7959-41bf-8874-992339d36293
id: 055c283e-eceb-4cac-832a-0e2ea14ca398
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"company_id": "2", "course_id": "929", "lesson_id": "1209", "content_id": "1767", "file_name": "pkpadmin  1008 4741 1 CE_v1.pdf", "chroma:document": "correlations. Static maps are not the best presentation form for displaying \nthese relationship s. Often, maps are overloaded with information layers \nto show the man y correlations. ln an animated map sequence , map \nelement s can be presented in different orders and combinations to make \nthe spatial relation ships more apparent. The map user can be directed \nthrough the presented subject, and the correlations can be brought to the \nuser's attention."}


